No matter who you are, names have unparalleled importance since they often define us and serve as a core aspect of our identity. Names may have even more significance to transgender people since they play a vital role in affirming our gender identities and overall health.
Disclaimer: This article should serve as a GUIDE, not a MANUAL. Every journey is different, and thus, there is no singular way to be trans. Some of these tips may be helpful, while others may not – and that’s okay!
Choosing a new name can be a stressful process. Many (but not all) transgender people choose a new name to identify with as part of their transition since most names have a traditional gender associated with them, so a new name is needed as part of the transition journey. The new name is referred to as a chosen name or affirmed name, whereas the old name they were assigned at birth may be called their deadname, former name, birth name, assigned name, legal name, or some other variant.
The term ‘preferred name’ is ill-advised since it linguistically implies a transgender person’s new name is simply a preference to their previous name – and thus their previous name is still able to be used. Preferred names do exist, but only if someone has multiple chosen names they like being referred by, and not if the only two ‘options’ are a chosen name and a deadname.
One of the most common sources of names (for transgender and cisgender people alike) is family history. There is a certain prestige associated with being named after an important relative, which is why it’s not uncommon for people to pick names from these traditions. Take linguistics into account while picking your name, too. Heritage can be a fantastic inspiration, but be mindful of whether your prospective names have certain races and ethnicities associated with them.
It’s a good idea to take your family into account, regardless of the name you ultimately choose. If you have three cousins named some variant of Megan, do you really want to be the fourth? What about the family drama of picking the same name as your sibling? And while ancestor names are great, you might (or might not) want to be a 20-year-old guy named Bartholomew in 2025. Relatedly, you can also discuss names with your family, such as your parents, assuming they are supportive of your identity. At the end of the day, the name you go by is yours to decide.
Personal Interests: Make It Fun!
The other most common inspiration trans folks draw names from is from personal interests, like celebrities, authors, musicians, actors, historical figures, and characters they admire. This isn’t something just trans people do, either – plenty of cisgender prospective parents use celebrities when coming up with names, as evidenced by name trends whenever there’s a new famous baby born or a new actor that ascends to stardom. However, as mentioned in the previous section, be mindful of names that have associated races and ethnicities attached to them, since it’s poor taste to take a Japanese or Black name as a white person.
There are additional factors to take into account when using this type of inspiration. First, be aware that celebrities are people – musicians are more associated with scandals, but any human is capable of doing less-than-admirable things. In the very least, your chosen name will remind you of a person you used to look up to. At most, you might have an extremely infamous name like O.J. that’s widely associated with a public scandal. Furthermore, your interests will inevitably change – it’s human! Just be mindful of the fact that your favorite anime or TV show will be different from today compared to ten years from now.
It’s Your Name, Resonate With It!
At the end of the day, you don’t need a reason behind your name. You’re allowed to pick any name you resonate with – so consider names you’ve always liked. Some folks use baby name books to spark inspiration, which works too!
While family may provide great suggestions for prospective names, friends and community members can also be a good source. Is there a nickname you’ve always gone by that could work? Are there ways to masculinize, feminize, or androgynize your name? You don’t have to get an entirely new name – some individuals choose to alter their name to simply better fit their gender identity.
Try It Out: Getting Used To Your Name
It can be awkward adjusting to a new name. Make an active effort and practice using your new name in conversations. If you’re struggling with it, the advice I recommend to cisgender folks adjusting to friends and family members’ new names is PRACTICE. Specifically, for each time you mess up, say aloud the correct name in a sentence at least five times. The only way to correct old habits is by forming new ones, which is why folks struggle with change unless they make the effort.
There are also resources online for this same purpose. Take an extra step and use your new name in other online settings, like forums and social media accounts, so you can normalize your chosen name in additional settings. Some sites I recommend include:
Names are a big deal! Do you care if your name is easy to spell or pronounce? In places such as the United States, non-white names will often be misspelled or mispronounced, as well as nontraditional white names like Mehgnn, Airwrecka, or Brandeigh. I want to emphasize that there is nothing wrong with having a “difficult” name, but be prepared to correct people.
Another important aspect to consider is whether you need your name to come across as “professional.” Ultimately, people make predictions based on names alone – even before someone has met you, they’ve already made assumptions about you. Certain names are associated with distinct ages, personalities, and other factors. Do you want one name used universally, or would you prefer different variations like Benjamin, Ben, Benny, and Benji?
Making It Official
To legally change your name outside of marriage or divorce, you must file a court order. This generally requires paperwork to be filed with your local circuit court. Contrary to popular belief, you do not file your name change in your birth city/county – you file your change with the county you live in. The exact forms vary by state, but guidance isn’t too difficult to find since many people change their legal names for non-transition reasons. The forms have to be filed electronically or otherwise online unless you qualify for an exemption. If you qualify, your documents can be filed in person at your local courthouse.
Once filed, you’ll be assigned a court date in the near future, where you will appear before a judge and explain the reasoning for the change before it is officially signed. On that date, you will need to make sure you have your stamped copies of your Name Change Request and Order for Name Change, as well as any criminal records (including any documentation showing previous felonies discharged). Answer the judge and their questions honestly. If the court denies your name change request, ask for another hearing – you have the right to do so. If it was denied due to a mistake on your part, ask the judge to continue the hearing to a later date so you can correct the error. Otherwise, you have the right to file an appeal as long as you file within 30 days of the judge’s decision. Occasionally, some judges will deny trans-related name changes due to personal bias – but these aren’t permissible and are overwhelmingly overturned once appealed. In the words of Lambda Legal, “a judge cannot arbitrarily deny you a name change based on transphobic or sexist notions.”
Looking for a way to remove your deadname while browsing the internet? This free Chrome extension visually replaces your deadname with your chosen name – although it doesn’t actually change your name in the computer code or legally.
This order almost always requires a fee, although it can often be waived if you meet certain income-based criteria. The fee varies drastically based on median county income, but criteria waivers often include:
A number of states require applicants to publish their upcoming name change in a local newspaper, although this is being changed since it is unhelpful and outs folks. This requirement was originally created to notify debt collectors in order to better follow-up on cases.
If your court file open to the public poses a legitimate risk to your health or safety, you can file a Motion to Impound, which requires courts to make your forms private and therefore inaccessible to the public without specific permission granted by a judge. This comes up more often with trans folks since these records potentially out you as transgender.
As one final note, always remember you are allowed to change your name. It’s your identity! It’s okay if the name you choose today isn’t your forever name.
For most, college is both exciting and terrifying. Along with turning eighteen, entering college is the cornerstone of young adulthood for Americans. Finished with high school, college is the first real transition Americans experience as they move away to live separately from their parents. That brings independence, new social opportunities, the need for money management, and everything else that comes with living on your own.
Until recently, the legal understanding of Title IX was that if the law applies to biological sex, then discrimination against one’s adherence or nonadherence to biological sex-associated gender roles and stereotypes wholly falls under Title IX as sex discrimination. If a gay man is harassed on campus because he isn’t masculine enough, it constitutes Title IX because anti-queer harassment ultimately relies on sex-based stereotypes. All Biden’s guidance did was allow LGBTQIA+ students to file discrimination more easily since they could argue it was based on sexual orientation or gender identity rather than having to make the roundabout case above. TLDR: You are still protected under Title IX as a transgender student, but under the Trump administration, you’ll have to file your argument differently.
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) protects students’ information and confidentiality. Once in college, your parents can no longer have access to your records without your explicit consent. So, while your parents would know if you changed your name or pronouns on school documents while in high school, that is no longer the case at college since FERPA forbids that information from being shared. FERPA also requires schools to prevent outing as much as possible, so staff are unable to share your personal information with other professors or students.
Colleges cannot require proof of your gender identity or legal changes to update most documents like student emails, IDs, and rosters. The only exception to this is your health records and college diploma, which will require legal documentation to change.
Professors need to call you by your chosen name, even if it’s not legally changed. People are allowed to make honest mistakes, but purposely misgendering and deadnaming transgender students puts them at increased risk of harm since it outs them.
Colleges have a responsibility to take action when informed of bullying, harassment, and discrimination on campus – including when it applies to queer and transgender students.
Students have a right to use the restroom and locker room that aligns with their gender identity, and colleges cannot force students to use separate facilities. It’s great if a school has a gender-neutral bathroom, but they can’t require you to use it since that would violate the Equal Access Act. I’ll caveat here that locker rooms are up in the air since the Trump administration is waging a war on transgender students’ access to sports.
You have the right to present yourself as your gender identity. Colleges cannot police or restrict expression simply because they dislike it or it’s “controversial.” The Supreme Court has a long history of supporting students’ right to self-expression. Schools cannot ban you from wearing a dress unless they ban dresses amongst all students, nor can they ban a shirt with a progressive rainbow unless they ban all graphic shirts.
Students have a right to choose who and who not to tell they are LGBTQIA+. Colleges are forbidden from outing students under FERPA, which includes details like your deadname, transgender status, and medical history.
If your college offers extracurricular activities (like chess club, Christian associations, or D&D), you have the right to form and be in a school LGBTQIA+ association like a Gay-Straight Alliance.
These laws apply to all American universities and colleges that receive federal funding. Even if they are religious, institutions that use federal funding must adhere to Title IX, FERPA, and other federal laws. Schools that do not want to follow these rules must either be entirely privately funded or apply for religious exemption, which is relatively difficult to get. Out of those colleges, I wouldn’t recommend trans students since these colleges are notoriously anti-transgender.
In addition to these federal protections, you may be further entitled (or marginalized) based on where exactly you live in the United States. Some states, like California, New York, and Illinois, have comprehensive laws protecting LGBTQIA+ students, while others, like Texas and Florida, fall short.
Even if you live in a conservative state, your university might still include LGBTQIA+ identities in its nondiscrimination policies – so it’s important to research your schools! I highly recommend Campus Pride Index as a free resource. They’ve been researching and compiling colleges since 2006 and have a searchable database that gives users insight into cost, atmosphere, and other useful metrics on what LGBTQIA+ resources are available at their school. It’s by far the easiest way to determine if a college has a queer resource center, campus events, nondiscrimination policies, and healthcare coverage. They even maintain lists of the country’s best and worst campuses for LGBTQIA+ students. If your school is not listed on Campus Pride, you should still be able to locate relevant policies. Most often, you’ll want to search for “nondiscrimination policies,” “student handbooks,” or general “policies and guidelines.” If internet searches fail you, don’t hesitate to reach out to your admin staff – they’re there to help you when you have questions about campus policies!
Amongst your university’s policies, you’ll also find guidelines on how to report harassment, discrimination, and general bullying. Always try to follow your college’s established procedures first when you experience harassment – give your administration the benefit of the doubt and remember to document all incidents, filed complaints, and communication you have with administration. If your school refuses to take your complaint seriously, you should then involve outside resources like local LGBTQIA+ nonprofits, GLSEN, or your state ACLU chapter. These organizations will help you determine the next steps best suited for your situation.
Some situations might require you to file a lawsuit against your school. You will likely want to have guidance from a legal authority like the ACLU before proceeding with filing or sourcing a competent legal group to represent you. You can also file complaints to the United States Department of Education – but given the political climate, you might not get a good response regardless of your legal rights. If you go this route, remember you only have 180 days to file a complaint with the Department and to file the discrimination as “sex-based.” Complaints that are not fully completed are automatically trashed and not investigated. Include as many details as possible, and keep in mind that your complaint is required to be confidential under federal law.
You’re going to be busy the first week of the semester. Everyone is. Try to get all your paperwork completed before the first day of class and reduce future headaches. Nearly all of this will require working with your campus administration, for better or worse.
As mentioned above, universities do not legally have to have a court order or medical documentation to update your name or gender marker in most of their electronic systems, but the process for doing so likely won’t be easy or straightforward unless they have already set up their systems for these changes. Many schools use ancient software to process and store student information, which is why admins huff and puff at being asked to change a student’s name. However, a process being annoying or difficult is not grounds to deny you from changing your name or gender marker at school. At college, you are paying to be there – the admins essentially work for you, and your comfort, safety, and overall confidentiality are worth pursuing. Some examples of items you can (and should) change include:
Your official school email, including associated accounts with it, like Word and Outlook.
Your public name in homework submission portals like Blackboard and Canvas.
Your school ID.
Classroom rosters.
Sports uniforms, if applicable.
The only items that require a legal order from a court to update in university software are:
Your diploma and transcript.
Financial aid information stored by FAFSA and your college’s financial aid office.
And personal health information stored by your college’s health center.
Anything else can be changed as an unofficial nickname. Your university is able to mark you as your identified gender in the class roster sent to campus professors without a court-ordered gender marker change. Legal orders only require your school to comply, but it is entirely possible to change most items before that point.
Dr. Genny Beemyn has the most current database of universities and colleges that allow transgender students to use a nonlegal name or pronouns in their files, originally hosted through Campus Pride’s TPC. Check their site to see if your school makes the list.
I’m not naïve – and I don’t recommend you be, either. Despite the law and clear instructions, I have been told myself by college admins things along the lines of “no, we can’t do that without court papers” and “hmm, yeah, I think we know the law better than you do and we don’t have to update your information.” I’ve also come across administrators who are extremely willing to make those minor changes – and my experience isn’t an anomaly. Given the environment academic administrators work in, you’re going to get a mixed bag of individuals who are willing to help as well as others who will throw a fit at your request. Some of them might be aware of LGBTQIA+ issues and why it’s important to get these items changed, while other administrators will huff because “it’s against their religion” to treat you with respect or update your information. And unfortunately, they hold all of the cards. In the event you experience discrimination from your university administration, you will have to follow your campus’ procedures for reporting it – which requires more conversations with admin. Depending on how LGBTQIA+ competent your school is, this paperwork could be an uphill battle.
Map of Healthcare Laws and Policy Exclusions by State, Movement Advancement Project
Regardless, the Trans Policy Clearinghouse has a list of colleges that explicitly list their transgender healthcare inclusions – now hosted on Genny Beemyn’s website.
The last major player in this category is housing. Most people don’t know who their roommate will be, although a growing number of universities are trying to match students with compatible roommates based on preferences. This can be even more anxiety-inducing for transgender students since you have to worry further about what gender you’ll be assigned for housing and whether your roommate will be chill with your identity or totally hateful. At least 470 schools are documented as having “gender-inclusive housing” on campus, which means there is a dorm, facility, or other living space that students can live in regardless of gender identity or sex assigned at birth. Genny Beemyn has an ongoing database of schools that publicly list having these housing options available, but the vast majority of high-ranking colleges on the Campus Pride Index will have this available.
Live Your Life: Finding the Basics for Survival
Considering most Americans begin college around the age of eighteen, university presents the first genuine opportunity for students to medical transition through gender-affirming care like hormone replacement therapy. The feasibility of doing so will depend on your school’s healthcare coverage, but the bottom line is that the ACA requires such care to be possible if you manage to complete their required steps, since gender-affirming care is medically necessary. Typically, these steps include sourcing a licensed mental health professional who is willing to write a letter certifying that your transgender identity is ‘established,’ not a phase, and you can make major decisions like beginning HRT based on your current mental state.
No matter how conservative your university is, you are not the first transgender student that has attended it, although you might be one of its first openly trans students. Transgender people live in all climates, including cities, suburbs, and the rural countryside. If your school has an LGBTQIA+ resource center or queer student organization, ask them first where trans students go for gender-affirming healthcare. If your school doesn’t, you’ll have to do some research: ask around online, like city-specific Facebook groups and subreddits, call the nearest LGBTQIA+ nonprofit, or visit a government health department. The last two will have staff available with the purpose of finding relevant resources – so use ’em!
Even if you’re battling administration for the items I referenced in the previous section, you can still email your upcoming professors prior to the semester. Most professors make an effort to use students’ nicknames anyway to foster a better classroom environment. So, if you happen to know who your professors will be, send them an email before the first day explaining your situation and that your assigned name and gender on their official roster don’t match what you go by. Use this email template and plug in your information. Even though my college admin eventually did change my name in their systems, I still had to send out emails since rosters were sent before the admin had made the change.
If you’re going the route of emailing your professors, remember it won’t solve everything. Without your university administration updating official rosters, you will encounter issues with other staff. Most often, this applies to substitute teachers and teacher assistants – subs sometimes get copies of the official roster rather than the one your regular professor uses. This means you can potentially be outed by a sub until your campus information is actually changed.
If you are beginning to live openly trans for the first time, you’ll discover how difficult it can be to advocate for yourself. More than anyone else, you have your best interests in mind – and there are uneducated people in every space, including college. Prepare for headaches, find quick resources to give to curious folks, learn when to shut down ‘curious’ Devil’s advocates, and have a plan in place to deal with incoming microaggressions. This is easier said than done, but I cannot emphasize how important it is for your own sake as well as future transgender students that will inevitably attend your university. Yes, it can be easier to just ride out the semester and not correct the side remarks by your professor – and sometimes, that’s what you need to do to emotionally and physically survive. But by not confronting those hard conversations, you leave the work for the next student that comes.
To an extent, you can also research trans-friendly restrooms, businesses, and events close to campus prior to the semester beginning – although sometimes it’s smoother to wait until you have real people to ask while navigating your first weeks. When you’re early in your transition, you need to feel safe and comfortable. Genny Beemyn has TPC’s previous list of universities with published maps of gender-neutral restrooms on campus, BUT I also recommend the REFUGE app. REFUGE is a free mobile app that lets users pinpoint trans-friendly bathrooms. You might be the first in your area to utilize the app and have a blank slate, or you might find a filled map with a treasure trove of tips. Either way, REFUGE allows you to build an underground resource for yourself and others at your school.
While on campus, the best (and most traditional) way to determine whether a space is LGBTQIA+ friendly is through “safe space” signage. Today, these signs are most common among less progressive schools where acceptance isn’t seen as the norm, but they’re great anywhere. Beyond campus grounds, these apps and sites are good ways to find trans-affirming spaces:
Strands for Trans is an online database for barbershops and hair salons.
Everywhere Is Queer is a mobile app for all businesses (including virtual ones), similar to Strands for Trans. Businesses self-report whether they identify as LGBTQIA+ friendly.
For bars and nightlife, look into GayCities, Travel Gay, and Yelp. GayCities and Travel Gay are better options if you live near a metropolitan area, but Yelp is more helpful for less populated regions.
Beyond websites and mobile apps, the best way to really determine whether a business is trans-friendly is by word of mouth. Find other queer and trans people on campus or a queer nonprofit – their experiences are worth significantly more than self-reported labels online. And while I’m aware of other websites that compile businesses, like Pink Robin, Hey Fam, LGBTQ+ Business Week, LGBTQIA Hub, and the National LGBT Chamber of Commerce, these sites focus heavily on e-commerce. Large cities like NYC and the Queer Money Project – and cities are more likely to have listings on apps such as Qlist and MisterB&B.
Support Yourself: Self-Care Matters
In order to thrive at college, you have to think beyond the basics. Between assignments and dealing with less-than-supportive classmates and staff, you will need an outlet for support. Be proactive and plan to create support as your semester begins. And if you’re struggling with coming out at college, Campus Pride has a resource tailored for you – and here is the most current copy of the Coming Out as a Transgender Person Workbook.
The simplest way to get connected with like-minded peers is to join a student organization. Clubs and other associates exist no matter the size of your school, including if you attend community college. Look for organizations that cater to queer identities (if possible) or interests you have. If you find your university lacks sufficient organizations, you’re entitled to create your own as long as you follow your school’s policies and have a staff member to serve as the club sponsor. In my experience, LGBTQIA+ college student organizations are way more active than high school ones – from anti-bullying campaigns to social functions, they’re worth checking out and giving a chance.
Speaking of which, check to see if your college has an LGBTQIA+ resource center. These are specific departments created by the university to handle LGBTQIA+ issues, training, clubs, and support. Schools with resource centers typically score higher on all metrics of the Campus Pride Index since they help recruit and retain queer students by fostering a safe campus environment. If your school lacks an LGBTQIA+ resource center, it may have something related like a “diversity department.” These are more common in community colleges and smaller schools that lack the funds to have multiple departments.
It feels like a stereotype, but queer people are good at finding each other. Use your natural gaydar to find safe friends to connect with. They don’t have to necessarily dress or “look” gay, but trust your gut when you feel good or bad vibes from your fellow classmates. People pay to go to college and learn, so they’re at least marginally more open-minded than the general population.
Being transgender shouldn’t limit you from traditional college activities that your cisgender peers get to enjoy. Don’t limit yourself to hobbies and organizations solely surrounding your queer identity – use every resource available to you and try every club that you find interesting. Beyond clubs, the most common social resources are sports and Greek life.
Currently, per “Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports,” transfeminine individuals are barred completely from participating in college sports. Transmasculine and nonbinary folks might be technically allowed right now, but you’re unlikely to find these spaces welcoming. As most readers probably know, these bans are based on vast misunderstandings of existing laws and policies – but the harm still exists.
The TLDR is that anti-transgender sports bans overwhelmingly overestimate transgender people’s involvement in athletic competitions and overwhelmingly underestimate the laws that already dictate when and if transgender people can perform. For example, while approximately 10,500 people try out for the Olympics, fewer than a dozen might identify as transgender. That calculates to 0.001% of those folks trying out. To not be automatically disqualified during this process, transgender people must provide medical and legal documentation of their gender identity – which includes proving they have been consistently using estrogen HRT and using testosterone supplements for multiple years to force their hormone levels to be identical to biologically female competitors. This standard by the International Olympic Committee is enforced in other sports, and for decades, it was the same applied to student sports. The Trump ban supersedes these precedents and bars trans people from competing no matter what. In the context of school, sports are well-understood as crucial for supporting students’ emotional and physical well-being since they provide an outlet for exercise while fostering team-building. Yet, because of the Trump administration’s ban, transgender students are forbidden from having these experiences.
“Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports” is centered on competitive sports, so it’s unclear how strictly it is applied to noncompetitive or intramural sports clubs, but I advise caution since it will largely depend on the political climate of your school on whether they will use the executive order against you.
You don’t find many LGBTQIA+ people in Greek life. Part of it comes from its long history of strict gender roles for frat boys and sorority girls. Another part comes from Greek organizations not being kind to marginalized folks, especially considering how many organizations get accused of sexual harassment and hazing. Then, of course, Greek life is associated with higher incomes since joining these associations generally requires annual fees. Despite this, there are Greek organizations with explicit mission statements that include transgender people – and there are also organizations founded by LGBTQIA+ students.
Some sororities include:
Alpha Chi Omega (ΑΧΩ)
Alpha Delta Pi (ΑΔΠ)
Alpha Epsilon Phi (ΑΕΦ)
Alpha Gamma Delta (ΑΓΔ)
Alpha Lambda Zeta (ΑΛΖ)
Alpha Omicron Pi (ΑΟΠ)
Alpha Pi Delta (ΑΠΔ)
Alpha Sigma Alpha (AΣA)
Alpha Sigma Tau (ΑΣΤ)
Alpha Xi Delta (ΑΞΔ)
Beta Phi Omega (ΒΦΩ)
Delta Delta Delta (ΔΔΔ)
Delta Gamma (ΔΓ)
Delta Phi Epsilon (ΔΦΕ)
Gamma Phi Beta (ΓΦΒ)
Gamma Rho Lambda (GRL)
Eta Epsilon Gamma (ΗΕΓ)
Eta Iota Mu (ΗΙΜ)
Kappa Alpha Lambda (ΚΑΛ)
Kappa Alpha Theta (ΚΑΘ)
Kappa Delta (ΚΔ)
Kappa Kappa Gamma (ΚΚΓ)
Kappa Omega Omicron (ΚΏΟ)
Kappa Theta Epsilon (ΚΘΕ)
Kappa Xi Omega (ΚΞΩ)
Lambda Delta Lambda (ΛΔΛ)
Omicron Epsilon Pi (ΟΕΠ)
Phi Omega (ΦΩ)
Phi Sigma Sigma (ΦΣΣ)
Sigma Alpha Iota (ΣAI)
Sigma Delta Tau (ΣΔΤ)
Sigma Omega Phi (ΣΩΦ)
Sigma Phi Chi (ΣΦΧ)
Sigma Sigma Sigma (ΣΣΣ)
Theta Phi Alpha (ΘΦΑ)
Zeta Omega Eta (ΖΩΗ)
Zeta Tau Alpha (ΖΤΑ)
Zeta Theta Psi (ΖΘΨ)
Some fraternities include:
Acacia
Alpha Sigma Phi (AΣΦ)
Beta Gamma Pi (ΒΓΠ)
Beta Theta Pi (BΘΠ)
Chi Phi (XΦ)
Chi Psi (XΨ)
Delta Chi (ΔX)
Delta Lambda Phi (ΔΛΦ)
Delta Phi Upsilon (ΔΦΥ)
Delta Sigma Phi (ΔΣΦ)
Delta Tau Delta (ΔΤΔ)
Delta Upsilon (ΔΥ)
Kappa Delta Rho (KΔP)
Kappa Kappa Psi (KKΨ)
Kappa Psi Kappa (ΚΨΚ)
Lambda Chi Alpha (ΛXA)
Omega Delta Phi (ΩΔΦ)
Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ)
Phi Kappa Tau (ΦKT)
Phi Sigma Kappa (ΦΣK)
Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠKA)
Pi Kappa Phi (ΠKΦ)
Pi Lambda Phi (ΠΛΦ)
Psi Upsilon (ΨY)
Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣAE)
Sigma Chi (ΣΧ)
Sigma Epsilon Omega (ΣΕΩ)
Sigma Phi Beta (ΣΦΒ)
Sigma Phi Epsilon (ΣΦE)
Sigma Nu (ΣN)
Sigma Tau Gamma (ΣTΓ)
Tau Beta Sigma (TBΣ)
Tau Kappa Epsilon (ΤΚΕ)
Theta Chi (ΘX)
Theta Delta Chi (ΘΔX)
Theta Xi (ΘΞ)
Zeta Alpha Delta (ΖΑΔ)
Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT)
And some all-gender Greek associations include:
Alpha Delta Phi Society (ΑΔΦ)
The Euglossian Society (ΕΥΓ)
Lambda Alpha Lambda (ΛΑΛ)
Lambda Delta Xi (ΛΔΞ)
Nu Delta (ΝΔ)
Phi Sigma Pi (ΦΣΠ)
Th Delta Sigma (ΘΔΣ)
Theta Pi Sigma (ΘΠΣ)
Zeta Delta Xi (ΖΔΞ)
Sigma Omicron Rho (ΣΟΡ)
Even if you are introverted, shy, or otherwise not a social person, I highly recommend creating an in-person support system. Go to club meetings, join your local community, and make IRL friends. Entirely online support systems don’t foster the same level of mental wellness – although they can still be useful. For that purpose, here are some online resources for transgender college students.
⭐ Looking for generic trans resources? Click here.
Between going to class, making friends, and inevitably dealing with conflict, you need to set aside time for self-care. Do things you enjoy. Engage in therapy. Work on setting boundaries. Develop hobbies to do in your free time that don’t feel like work. And if you struggle with self-care, here’s an info hub by GSA Network.
And of course, small things matter. Assuming your dorm or living space allows it, cultivate your room to foster a sense of pride. You’ll be spending a lot of time in your room, so make it inviting – hang up a pride flag, put up some posters, and decorate the space to inspire joy. After a potentially long day at class dealing with people, don’t you deserve to feel comfortable and proud of who you are?
Wait, what’s binding? In short, binding is the practice of compressing one’s chest to have a flatter and traditionally masculine appearance. It’s considered standard practice amongst the transgender community, similar to packing and tucking, since it is a non-medical alternative to alleviating gender dysphoria. If you want to know more about binding basics, read this post instead.
More than any other season, summer presents additional challenges. Binding should never be painful, but you’d be hard-pressed to find anyone who would call binding physically comfortable. The issues that make binding unpleasant year-round intensify with heat, which is why extra caution is advised during the summer.
No matter what, remember the golden rule of binding: Always listen to your body. If you feel pain or begin to feel light-headed, stop binding immediately and take a solid break. A properly sized binder should feel like a tight hug, it should never cause you pain.
Consider how your preferred binding method will combine with summer heat.
Full-length and tank-style binders are notoriously hotter since they compress the entire torso compared to half-length and racerback binders. More guys experiment with K-tape during the summer, as it is cooler than half-binders and can be easily used for swimming. In contrast, traditional binders aren’t always swim-safe and can deteriorate over time due to excess water exposure. However, remember you should NEVER use ACE bandages, duct tape, or other non-recommended items to bind.
Try Sports Bras and Compression Tops
If your emotional health and gender dysphoria permit it, try binding with sports bras or compression tops instead of traditional binders. These garments are easier on the body and will prevent heat exhaustion with looser compression than your regular binder. Even if you don’t generally use sports bras, it’s best practice to carry an emergency one during the summer to change into if you have to take off your binder. Binding is a tool that many transgender people use, but it’s not a requirement – the practice of binding (or the lack thereof) doesn’t define your gender. Taking care of yourself and your body is gender-affirming care in its own right.
I want to note here that while I advise my fellow trans peers to take off their binders when it’s hot, it isn’t always feasible. If you are an adult and worried about a transgender youth binding during the summer, do not force them to take off their binder. Offer them spaces to cool off instead. Even if you are a PE instructor or coach, it’s no less appropriate to ask a transgender youth to remove their binder than to ask a cisgender girl to remove her bra. Binders are essentially underwear and allow transmasculine individuals the ability to survive despite gender dysphoria.
Take (extra) Breaks throughout the day
If you bind regularly, you’re likely no stranger to “binder breaks.” It’s best practice to give yourself breaks throughout the day via stretching and limiting binding to eight hours per day. Make these breaks more frequent during warm weather and stay mindful of your physical health while outside.
Material matters!
If you’re prone to sweating (which increases with HRT usage), remember that material matters. A moisture-wicking fabric will keep you drier than non-breathable fabrics. Linen, muscle tees, jerseys, and button-down shirts are summer staples since they conceal curves better than other fabrics. Some individuals wear a tank undershirt under their binder to soak excess moisture. Regarding overshirts, remember that white colors reflect heat – so if you dress emo or goth, be prepared for intense heat. While most folks worry about their binder possibly showing, don’t forget that cisgender people are largely clueless – few cis folks know what binders are, so they’re quick to assume your binder is an undershirt or accessory.
Powders exist – so use them!
Whether you sweat a lot or experience skin irritation, there are numerous powders available on the market that prevent chafing. Just consider purchasing talc-free if you have a family history of ovarian or similar cancers. Similarly, you can also apply regular antiperspirant deodorant under your binder to decrease sweat and odor, although this won’t lower chafing as powders would.
Hydrate, Hydrate, hydrate
Drink more water. Make an effort to drink water when outside in the heat, since hydration both reduces overheating and prevents skin irritation.
Juices and sodas are great in a pinch, but water is best when you’re sweating a ton. Relatedly, commit to at least one salty meal a day to replenish the sodium lost from sweat.
Keep it clean!
Wash your binder. This is basic advice in general, but you should wash your binder at least once or twice a week regardless – and more often when you’re sweaty, like during the summer. Binders are essentially underwear and compress heat and moisture. With the added effects of HRT causing increased sweat and acne, don’t add to the mix with an unwashed binder.
Cool off (When you can)
If you’re able to, consider taking a cold shower partway throughout the day – at the very least, stay in air conditioning and other cool spaces. If you’re outside a lot and unable to access air conditioning, look into cool packs – you can purchase them online and slide them under your binder for immediate heat relief. Another technique is wetting a cloth with cold water and wrapping it around your neck.
Binding, or the practice of compressing one’s chest to have a flatter and traditionally masculine appearance, is a pretty standard practice amongst the trans community, similar to packing and tucking. Anyone can bind – even if you’re not transgender, there might be moments when it’s beneficial, like if you’re cisgender but engage in cosplay or drag.
In the transmasculine community, binding is one of the first steps in transitioning. Being assigned female at birth, breast tissue naturally forms during natal puberty and creates distress from gender dysphoria unless preventative measures are taken, like puberty blockers. When trans men begin testosterone through prescribed hormone replacement therapy, breast tissue no longer forms – but HRT cannot reverse tissue already created.* Since few transgender people have the fortune to have supportive parents and the ability to access puberty blockers as youth, binding is the norm.
*Technically, testosterone-based hormone replacement therapy CAN impact breast tissue, but it cannot get rid of it entirely. It’s all extremely anecdotal, but you might experience breast tissue shrink in size. More commonly, HRT affects the composition of breast tissue and makes it less firm, similar to breast tissue cisgender men have. However, these changes are rarely enough to override the need for binding.
Q: DO I HAVE TO BIND? A: Nope! While binding is common, it is not a requirement to be transgender, and there are many reasons transmasculine folks may choose not to bind, such as having a chest too large for traditional binders, disability, or comfort. Generally, you should talk with your doctor before binding if you have asthma, scoliosis, lupus, COPD, arthritis, Hypermobility Joint Disorder, GERD/IBS/IBD, migraines, TMJD, or fibromyalgia.
Q: HOW OLD DO I HAVE TO BE TO BIND? A: Anyone who has breast tissue is old enough to bind, although this statement might make people queasy. American youth are entering puberty earlier than ever, so it’s reasonable to say that if breast tissue is causing them significant discomfort, they should have access to binding. While binding can have long-term consequences, preventing kids from binding safely will only make them more likely to DIY, which can be dangerous. On the other end of the spectrum, there’s no upper age cap for binding.
Q: WAIT, DID YOU SAY THERE ARE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES TO BINDING? A: Yes, but those consequences come with caveats. Long-term binding can impact the density of your breast tissue, which can potentially limit your options for chest surgery later. However, these effects (which are common at 10+ years of binding) do not bar you from chest surgery – and it’s worth stating that the average transmasculine person gets chest surgery way before this deadline.
There are plenty of anti-trans parents who will rant on how chest binding will impact children’s bone development during puberty, so youth shouldn’t be allowed to bind. While it is a possibility, there isn’t research to back up this claim: there is little long-term research on transgender people as a whole, and even less on minors. Chest binding, when done safely, isn’t dangerous – a binder should feel like a relatively tight hug and should never cause pain. You should also never wear two or more binders, since the added compression can cause a lot of pain. Exceeding safety recommendations puts you at actual risk of developing skeletal issues, and as mentioned above, barring safe binders from youth pushes them to resort to DIY methods with higher risk.
Always get the right size.
Yes, a smaller binder will give you a flatter chest – but the right size vastly minimizes your risk of common side effects. Keep in mind that cisgender men don’t have completely flat chests, and everyone has some breast tissue. Don’t strive for a perfectly flat chest.
DON’T KNOW YOUR BINDER SIZE? FOLLOW THESE STEPS.
Wrap a tape measure around the fullest part of your chest. This is the part that comes out the farthest from your body. Do this while you are dressed.
Write down the measurement. You might want to measure more than once to check it.
Wrap the tape measure around your chest, right under your breasts. This is where the crease is.
Write down the measurement.
Add the measurements together and divide by 2. This is your chest size.
Put the end of the tape at the outside edge of one of your shoulders. Measure across your body to the outside edge of your other shoulder. Make sure you are standing up straight. Avoid tensing up, hunching your shoulders, or wrapping the measuring tape around your shoulders.
Write down the number you get. This is your shoulder size.
If your shoulder measurement is 1.5 inches bigger than the shoulder measurements listed for your chest size… Buy a larger size, usually the next size up.
If your shoulder measurement is smaller than the shoulder measurements for your chest size… Buy the size that matches your chest measurement.
If you have a larger chest or broad shoulders… Consider a tank binder. This might be the most comfortable style for you.
If you buy a binder that is smaller than your measurements… Return it for one that fits. The effect on your chest is probably not enough to notice, and the wrong size puts pressure on your back and ribs.
Wearing the correct binder size MATTERS. Over time, using the incorrect size can restrict breathing, irritate the skin, break skin around the edges of the binder, cause overheating, and bruise/fracture the ribs.
TYPES OF BINDERS
Full-Length Tank As one of the two main classics, the full-length or tank binder has a long panel of compression and can be tucked into your pants. They compress more than just the chest – they also flatten the hips and stomach, which is why these are the most common binders used by cisgender men.
Full-lengths are best suited for individuals with large chests or folks who want additional compression around the stomach and hips. Newer tank binders are made to look like casual shirts, which is a benefit you won’t find with other binder styles. On the other hand, I’ve been told that the more a binder resembles a regular tank top, the less compression it offers. They’re also far less comfortable – from personal experience, full-tanks are hotter and irritating to wear, and I was never able to get the hang of tucking them in, so it would always roll back up.
Half-Length The other classic binder is the half-length, which is identical to the full-length, other than the lack of material. These stop above the ribs, so they’re cooler and allow for a greater range of motion.
Half-lengths are ideal for individuals with smaller chests compared to full-length, but they can work for folks with larger chests if you’re okay with less compression. They offer better breathability, so they’re more comfortable for all-day use and sports. On the other hand, half-lengths are the most well-known – people will know you’re wearing a chest binder unless you cover it up with a shirt.
Racerback The racerback binder came into style within the last decade, offering even more range of motion than the half-tank. They’re identical to the traditional half-tank other than the back support design resembling the same ‘x’ pattern that racerback sports bras use. The same pros and cons apply to these as half-tanks, but their strap design is easier to conceal for folks who don’t want to possibly out themselves for wearing a binder.
Strapless Strapless binders are the most commonly portrayed in film when depicting transmasculine characters, but they’re far from the most commonly worn by actual transgender people.
These are often the cheapest since they’re made in mass production for cosplay, but they offer significantly less compression and support than other binder styles. You have to be precise with strapless measurements, too, since the wrong size could mean the binder falling off. These are also difficult to find by major binder brands due to their association.
I’ll also note that strapless binders like these are considered less safe than other styles – they’re created for cosplay purposes and worn for a day or two at a time, not regular long-term binding. They’re easy to access, but always use with caution.
Pullover & Zipper These aren’t binder styles themselves, but refer to another aspect of all of the above types. A pullover binder will be pulled over your head, similar to a t-shirt, whereas a zipper binder uses a zipper, clasps, or hooks to put the binder around your chest.
Both are good options! Pullover binders are more commonly produced by binder brands since they’re associated with better compression, but they’re difficult to put on in the beginning when you’re new to binding. Zipper binders are common for strapless and cosplay binders, but they’re a better option if you struggle to get pullovers on. However, always opt for zipper binders that attach in the center of your chest or back – zipper binders that attach on just one side will cause uneven compression that can harm your body over time.
Kinetic Tape Kinesiology tape, or K-tape, is a thin elastic tape that uses adhesive, and it’s become fairly popular for binding amongst smaller chested individuals. You should NEVER use other forms of tape to bind, such as duct tape, since K-tape is made specifically for athletic purposes and provides a range of motion and breathability that other tape does not. Duct tape is especially dangerous since it constricts your breathing after application.
K-tape struggles to provide the same level of binding as traditional binders, but many folks find it empowering since it gives a more natural look compared to binders. You can even safely sleep and shower with it since the tape is relatively waterproof and takes a few days to naturally lose its grip.
If you have the funds, there are a number of K-tapes now produced with chest binding in mind – like Trans Tape. While the function is the same, I’ve heard that the quality of Trans Tape is significantly better, BUT regular K-tape is pretty accessible since anyone can purchase it in their local Walmart.
Despite this, kinetic tape isn’t for everyone. The compression level isn’t feasible for many, but more often, it’s the adhesive. Kinetic tapes, regardless of brand, can cause significant irritation to the skin even if you don’t have any adhesive allergies. Later on, I’ll be talking about the importance of binder hygiene, and the same applies here. K-tape is used in a sweaty and hot part of the body that creates a LOT of friction. While I was pleased with the compression K-tape provided me, the tape chafed me pretty badly, and I *don’t* have any adhesive allergies.
Sports Bra A good sports bra can provide a decent level of compression, so it’s a great alternative to regular binding to give your body breaks. In essence, sports bras are similar to racerback binders. Unlike binders, you can find sports bras sold pretty much anywhere, so they’re more accessible.
Unlike the above binding options, sports bras are the ONLY style that I would okay “double-binding.” Since sports bras offer less compression than actual binders, the compression level achieved from double-layering won’t cause significant harm, like if you layered traditional binders.
Keep it clean!
Binders are underwear. Seriously, they can get gross – they’re directly compressing your body and creating hot and humid spaces. Regardless of season, binders should be washed at least weekly, but you should move to every three days if it’s summer or you’re a naturally sweaty person. Even if the binder doesn’t smell too bad, poor binder hygiene causes rashes, skin irritation, acne, fungal infections, and other conditions.
Each binder manufacturer will provide specific instructions on how to best care for your binder. Follow their advice to prolong the life of your binder! However, if you lost the instructions, these are the most common suggestions.
Wash your binder in cold water on a delicate cycle, OR wash it by hand in the sink with laundry detergent and warm water. Avoid hot water and putting your binder in the dryer.
Hang the binder up to dry.
Keep your binder on a hanger when you are not wearing it. This helps it keep its shape.
Have more than one binder, if possible. This allows you to wash and dry them regularly.
Stay flexible and give your body breaks.
Listen to your body – what works for your friend won’t inherently work for you. The following are general guidelines, but always listen to your own body first. If you’re in pain, stop.
Keep binding for eight hours at a time and never bind more than twelve consecutive hours. This can be difficult to navigate if you’re in public often, but it’s best practice to have off days when you do not bind.
Take at least one day completely free of binding per week, and take more break days if you can manage.
Never sleep in your binder. Breathing becomes more shallow while you’re unconscious, so binding while asleep poses an increased risk.
Take precautions if binding while working out or swimming. There are binders available to purchase to use while swimming, since chlorine exposure can shorten traditional binders’ lifespans, and exercise binders that provide greater mobility. If these aren’t options for you, your dedicated workout or swimming binder should be at least one size larger than what you typically wear.
Stay hydrated and keep cool when binding, especially during summer months. Even if you feel fine, it’s pretty easy to develop heat stroke – from personal experience, I got heat exhaustion once while on a summer field trip because I thought it was a myth.
Never use any material to bind that was not listed here. Do not use duct tape, plastic wrap, belts, or ACE bandages. These constrict as you breathe, which can bruise you or potentially suffocate you.
Consider wearing a cotton undershirt or tank top under your binder if your skin is prone to irritation. Binders won’t help any existing skin conditions. An undershirt or the use of body powder also helps during warm weather to limit excess sweating.
Learn exercises and stretches to ease pain in your back, shoulders, and chest. Try stretching every few hours while binding.
Looking for binder suggestions?
The following prices are based on the current price at the time this article was published. Verify with the merchant before buying.
Wait! I want a new binder, but there are too many options! Yeah, and there are plenty of binder brands that I don’t cover below – if you hear good things about a binder company from friends or those you trust, go for it and don’t let my lack of review stop you. Otherwise…
Generally overwhelmed and just need a good quality binder? Get GC2B.
Unable to find a binder size that fits? Get Origami Customs.
Have severe dysphoria and need high compression? Get Underworks.
Looking for something special to be proud of? Get ShapeShifters.
Can’t deal with sensory overload? Get GenderBender or Amor Sensory.
GC2B @ gc2b.co / $42 USD Founded in 2015 as a trans-operated binding brand, GC2B is the premier binder today. After using an Underworks binder, I found GC2B much more comfortable in comparison – although it provided slightly less compression. There’s talk that GC2B binders have gone downhill in quality after they changed textile suppliers, but I’m still a strong supporter of the brand as a whole.
GC2B has a bit of everything, including K-tape. They specialize in everyday binders, so you’ll find a variety of nude binders designed to be concealed under shirts. Before GC2B, binders were only available in white, black, and a limited number of “nude” binders – but the binder color matters significantly if you’re wanting to wear a white shirt. Their binder utilizes both the front and back panels to provide medium compression.
FLAVNT @ flavnt.com / $55 USD This streetwear brand has a larger range of nude binders than GC2B and has a pretty good selection of pride apparel. Their binders are all pullover style and offer medium compression via the front panel. Tired of hideous rainbow merch from retailers like Target and Walmart? Try FLAVNT.
For Them @ forthem.com / $55-$64 USD This brand specializes in underwear, including binders. For Them produces two types, one labeled “MAX” to offer high compression and “All-Day” that prioritizes comfort.
The MAX binder will provide compression similar to other brands, but the All-Day line is unique: it’s made with sensory issues in mind. It won’t make you as flat as other binders, but it’s super comfortable.
Peecock Products @ peecockproducts.com / $31-$34 USD Based out of Singapore, Peecock has been producing chest binders since 2010 and also has one of the best quality of entry-level prosthetic packers out there. Zippers, pullovers, v-necks, swimming binders, you name it – Peecock probably has what you’re looking for. However, their binders won’t be as comfortable or sensory-friendly as GC2B.
TomboyX @ tomboyx.com / $49 USD Although TomboyX caters to femme-identified people, they have a decent binder selection since a large chunk of their customer base is butch. Their selling point is their adjustable binder, which uses straps to allow the user to modify the level of compression. On the other hand, TomboyX binders have lighter compression compared to other brands.
UNTAG @ untag.com / $61-$69 USD Preferred by folks living overseas, UNTAG has a diverse binder selection that offers lower shipping rates compared to some American brands. In addition to the regular selection of binders, UNTAG also offers binders specifically made to exercise and unique designs like lace.
Urbody @ urbody.co / $45-$55 USD These binders were created to further expand binding beyond masculine-identified folks, so they generally offer less compression than other binders. Despite that, Urbody binders are preferred with folks with compression or sensory issues since the lack of compression means increased comfort.
Underworks @ underworks.com / $32-$38 USD As the oldest brand on this list, Underworks is a classic alongside T-Kingdom – they’ve been around since 1997. Originally, their target audience was cisgender men who wanted to compress their torsos, but they transitioned to make an array of trans-friendly binders since Underworks was the easiest place to purchase online.
If you’re looking for high compression, Underworks is for you. Seriously, their compression is INTENSE – but this means their binders can also be uncomfortable. The material is also rougher than brands like GC2B and Origami.
GenderBender @ genderbenderllc.com / $49-$59 USD These guys are relatively new, but they have a great selection that makes them distinct from other brands, like their own brand of K-tape, pride-themed binders, and plus-sized binding swimwear. Their company is disability-centered, so their products are made with various disabilities in mind, like sensory issues, anxiety, adhesive allergies, and the like.
Origami Customs @ origamicustoms.com / $64 USD In addition to the regular selection of binders, Origami Customs is unique because they can and will make custom binders on order. If you are too large for other binder companies, Origami Customs should be your go-to. Without them, people would be barred from binding due to weight or breast size – but Origami Customs can provide anyone with a binder.
Origami Customs also has ready-to-order binders, but I wouldn’t really recommend them if you don’t require a custom size.
Shapeshifters @ shapeshifters.co / $85-$115 USD Most binders are boring since they cater to everyday wear and stealth. Not Shapeshifters binders – they don’t actually have any nude binders unless you’re ordering from their “Make Your Own Binder” sewing kit. Shapeshifters specialize in fashionable designs, offering a refreshing alternative to bland options and asking, ‘Why can’t binders be fun too?!’
However, Shapeshifters is pricier than other brands, so I wouldn’t recommend them as your first binder unless you have money to burn.
Amor Sensory @ amorsensory.com / $79 USD Similar to GenderBender, Amor Sensory is a disability-first binder brand that centers on Autistic experiences. Binding can be a sensory nightmare, so Amor’s binders are sewn with those issues in mind. Even though they cost a bit more, Amor Sensory binders offer trustworthy moderate compression like mainstream brands.
Reddit and Online Spaces @ r/ftm / FREE to ∞ If you don’t mind used binders, check out virtual spaces like r/ftm – they host recurring spaces to allow guys to buy, sell, and trade items and you’ll likely find a used or free binder faster than the binder programs I suggest below. You can find these types of spaces on any forum, including Facebook groups and trans-related Discord servers.
I can’t afford a binder, what should I do?
Fret not, because there’s still options out there! Before continuing with my suggestions, read my last point on binder brands – in my experience, you’ll get a binder faster from online spaces like r/ftm when there’s availability. The companies and organizations I list below give binders as donations, which means they have limited resources and funding and MASSIVE waitlists.
Generally speaking, the larger the organization, the longer the waitlist. My very first binder was a donation from Point of Pride, but I had to wait nine months on their waitlist before it was shipped. These resources are national, but if possible, you should check with any local LGBTQIA+ organization in your area to see if they have a binder program. CenterLink hosts a (incomplete) directory of LGBTQIA+ nonprofits throughout the country, so start there if you don’t know where to begin.
Keep in mind that the following programs are active at the time this article was published. In my experience, binder programs tend to be unstable since they rely on donation funding – so some might be no longer active by the time you’re reading, or there might some missing that you expected to see.
Point of Pride @ pointofpride.org With a variety of funds, Point of Pride has given nearly $4 million dollars to financial aid programs to benefit transgender folks.
They were created in 2016 by Point 5cc, a trans clothing and apparel company to become the first and largest international chest binder donation program. Check out their website for details on their binder program, femme shapewear and gaff program, electrolysis support fund, HRT access fund, trans surgery fund, and Thrive fund. Their binder program is open to all, regardless of age or where they live in the world.
Trans Essentials @ ftmessentials.com Similar to Transguy Supply, Trans Essentials is an online megastore for trans needs. They sell binders, tucking tape, packers, gaffs, dilators, STPs, books, buttons, etc. They also operate Early to Bed for adult goods.
TE provides free Underworks binders to individuals ages 24 and under anywhere in the United States, shipped out on a quarterly basis.
TOMSCOUT @ tomscout.com The Freedom Binder Program provides binders to “storytellers,” determining eligibility based on your personal story and need for a binder.
Make sure to read all of TOMSCOUT’s rules before applying, since missing one will automatically disqualify you. There is no upper age cap, but applicants must be at least sixteen to qualify. Additionally, you’ll have to cover the shipping costs of the binder once you’ve been selected.
The Queer Trans Project @ queertransproject.org Based out of Florida, QTP is a Black-led organization that donates binders, packers, and packing underwear to individuals in need.
QTP has high demand, but they cover a lot of needs – including flight assistance to help transgender folks flee hostile states like Florida for safer havens.
Black Trans Men Inc @ blacktransmen.org The Brother 2 Brother Binder Grant allows Black Trans Men Inc to give free binders to low-income transgender men of color throughout the US.
To qualify, you must be at least sixteen years old, identify as transmasculine, demonstrate financial hardship, and identify as Black. There are no upper age cut-offs for their program. If you don’t identify as Black, they can still help if you reach out by referring you to other applicable programs.
Health Care Advocates International @ hcaillc.com Healthcare access isn’t equal to everyone, which is something marginalized people know well. HACI believes every patient deserves their best chance at a health life.
You must be at least eighteen years olds to qualify for HACI binders. Individuals must be in the United States or Puerto Rico to receive a binder from their services.
Thriving Transmen of Color @ thrivingtransmenofcolor.org TTMOC is a national grassroot nonprofit with chapters in Virginia, Georgia, District of Columbia, California, Florida, Illinois, and Nevada. Like Black Trans Men Inc, TTMOC centers on uplifting Black and Brown transgender individuals.
TTMOC binders are provided based on eligibility and are reserved only for transmasculine individuals who cannot afford to purchase their own binder. Applicants must be following TTMOC on social media and have attended at least one virtual or in-person event to qualify.
Phoenix Transition Program @ phoenixtransitionprogram.org PTP offers direct assistance to transgender folks in need, such as their binder program, care packages, utilities assistance, opening businesses, and crises.
To qualify, you must be at least eighteen years old and live in the United States. Other programs beyond binder assistance are functioning, but are limited based on time of year.
Movies are an important part of culture – for some, film provides a simple stress release and a means to entertain ourselves; for others, it is another teaching tool that allows us to critique society through art. Movies also influence us, inspiring us to be creative – and they hold the potential to feed propaganda, too. Despite its relatively short history compared to other art forms, film has become incredibly integrated into daily life: you won’t find a person who doesn’t like movies to some degree, whether they’re action-packed time-wasters or thoughtful stories that reveal new insights through their narratives. Each person who watches a film will take away a different message, which is why movies are a great format when books or traditional art fail.
Throughout my work, I’ve put together many lists like this. While everyone is capable of theoretically learning about other cultures and perspectives, most are unlikely to. Unless it’s directly in their face, few go out of their way when they could watch the latest release from Marvel or Disney. I’ve spent plenty of time trying to make digestible recommendations to get folks interested in transgender media. To celebrate Pride, here are the most popular movies mentioned when looking for trans-specific films.
Nearly every movie on this list is categorized as “indie” – transgender stories aren’t seen as compelling or profitable enough for big producers yet. 3 Generations centers on a transgender boy as he navigates coming out to his family. Notably, this film has bad reviews, but it always gets suggested when you search the internet for transmasculine films due to the extreme lack of them. If you’re looking for something trans to watch, go for it – but there are better movies on this list. 3 Generations falls short because of it focuses too much on the cisgender family members. It holds a lot of potential for telling a great story but flubs portraying gender identity. Critics generally agree that the film had good intentions but forces too many compromises for the transgender main character to appeal to the cisgender adults around him.
Content Warning / Available on… Roku Channel, PLEX, The CW, Peacock, YouTube, Google Movies, Amazon Prime, Apple TV, Fandango
A much better movie about transgender people dealing with family, 52 Tuesdays explores the relationship between a transgender man and his teenage daughter after he comes out. The daughter is limited to only see him on Tuesday evenings for the next year (hence the film title) and the drama that always comes with transition. The main gripe comes from it being released in 2013, right before transgender people were thrown into the media spotlight, so there’s lots of problematic reviews attempting to explain transness.
Content Warning / Available on… Kanopy, YouTube, Google Movies, Amazon Prime, Fandango, Apple TV
Marina is a Chilean transgender woman who, after her boyfriend dies suddenly from a brain aneurysm, has to deal with his family as they harass her. Death is a complicated process, and she’s strung through the wringer as they take away everything from her. The movie even won an Oscar in 2018 – it’s bittersweet and manages to relate well to real trans issues. Chilean activists credit the film as a major help in advancing a gender identity law in 2018 that finally allowed transgender Chileans to change their legal gender.
Content Warning / Available on… Peacock, Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango, Netflix*
Adam (2019)
Transmasc* | 73% RT | Comedy | NR | 1h 35m
Based on the novel Adam, the movie follows cisgender teenager Adam while he lives with his older sister – who is involved in New York City’s LGBTQIA+ scene. Adam eventually develops a crush on a lesbian girl who assumes Adam is a transgender man. Adam goes with it, lying about his sex assigned at birth and gender identity. The premise is overused, and the lesbian girl comes out as bisexual by the end of the movie after Adam reveals he’s actually cisgender. Adam still tells an interesting story, but it has a lot of potentially problematic issues. Sexuality is fluid and complicated, but the movie normalizes cis men’s fantasies about turning lesbians; lesbians are attracted to women, but Adam fuels lesbian attraction to transgender men; and of course, any movie that associates transgender people with lying should be taken with a grain of salt.
On the other hand, the movie is directed by a transgender man (Rhys Ernst), who made slight changes to the original book due to criticism. For what it’s worth, Adam does show how folks’ minds can be opened once they engage with other communities.
Content Warning | Available on… Tubi, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Roku Channel, YouTube, Google Movies, Fandango, Apple TV
Another recommendation due to the lack of actual transmasculine films, Albert Nobbs is interpreted as transgender… ish. Albert is a butler in 1800s Ireland who has lived as a man for thirty years to work despite societal restrictions. It’s difficult to decide whether Albert is a cisgender woman trying to survive in a male society or if Albert is a transgender man existing in the few routes possible to him, like IRL figures like Albert Cashier. While most folks involved in the film likely lean into the former interpretation, I believe the movie is significantly more interesting if you view Albert as a very early transgender man. However, the 1800s is a brutal time to be alive – disease and abuse are rampant, and Albert does eventually die by the end.
Content Warning | Available on… YouTube, Google Movies, Amazon Prime, Apple TV, Fandango
Alice Júnior (2019)
Transfemme | Comedy Drama | NR | 1h 27m
This movie is so small that it doesn’t have a Rotten Tomatoes score – but the three critics that have reviewed it have had positive things to say. Alice is a transgender girl who makes YouTube videos, forced to move out to the conservative Brazilian countryside and attend a Catholic school. It’s a coming-of-age story about Alice getting her first kiss despite bullying and harassment.
Content Warning / Available on… Kanopy, Amazon Prime, Apple TV
Another Oscar-winner, All About My Mother is considered a classic among transgender films. After her son is killed in a car accident, Manuela recouncils with her ex-partner Lola – a transgender woman who never knew she had a son with Manuela. Along the journey, she meets other folks in the trans and sex work community. It’s messy, just like real life, and explores motherhood, HIV/AIDS, drug abuse, and topics that scare traditional Hollywood away.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
As We Like It / Jie Da Huan Xi (2021)
Transmasc* | NR | Romantic Drama | 1h 47m
As a Taiwanese retelling of Shakespeare’s As You Like It, the film explores Orlando and Rosalind’s love – but every single role is played by a woman to play on the historical reality that women were banned from the theater during Shakespeare’s time. It’s mild and a good watch if you’re seeking something more interesting than the classic Shakespeare version. It’s up to you to interpret the characters as transgender men in straight relationships or lesbians defying traditional gender roles.
Content Warning / Currently unavailable to stream in the United States
This Taiwanese film is based on the real life of Parinya Charoenphol, a self-identified kathoey who participated in professional boxing to help pay for her gender affirmation surgery. Despite its age, the movie manages to be a decent representation – it’s packed full of action, and transgender stories are rare in the sports movie genre.
Transfemme | 89% RT | Romance, Comedy, & Drama | R | 1h 35m
Honestly, I’ve heard a lot of good things about Boy Meets Girl – and it’s a fantastic alternative to those tired of sob stories, tragic tales, and dramas. Ricky, a transgender woman, works as barista in a small Kentuckian town with big dreams of moving to NYC to become a fashion designer. Unlike most movies, Boy Meets Girl uses an actual transgender woman (Michelle Hendley) to star in the lead role.
Content Warning / Available on… Hulu, Roku Channel, Tubi, Amazon Prime, Apple TV, Fandango
Boys Don’t Cry (1999)
Transmasc | 91% RT | Historical Drama | R | 1h 58m
There isn’t a more “classic” transmasc film than Boys Don’t Cry – due to the lack of representation and visibility in media, it’s essentially our Brokeback Mountain. It was released in 1999 and portrays the real and tragic murder of Brandon Teena, a victim to an anti-trans hate crime in rural Nebraska.
If you’re looking for a light-hearted movie to watch, do not watch Boys Don’t Cry. Honestly, don’t watch it unless you’re really ready for it. Among transmasc forums, watching it seen as a rite of passage – but it’s a traumatic and gruesome film that brings gravity to trans hate crimes. Beyond that, it’s important to remember this film takes some pretty large liberties from reality: both of his murderers are alive in prison today, and the negligent sheriff Charles Laux was kept until retirement instead of fired for gross misconduct – although Laux did pass away in 2021 (good riddance). There’s also fair criticism in Hilary Swank’s portrayal of Brandon Teena as a cisgender woman. Lastly, I have a personal gripe that Boys Don’t Cry is the transmasculine community’s centerpiece film, but Brandon Teena was kind of… not a great guy. IRL Brandon should absolutely be alive today, but he had a lot of flaws and adored toxic masculinity, which isn’t something young trans guys should be looking up to. Take him with a grain of salt and hope for better stories in the future.
Looking for a more accurate telling of Brandon Teena’s story? The Brandon Teena Story was released a year before Boys Don’t Cry as a crime documentary.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Fandango, Hulu*
Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
Transfemme | 58% RT | Comedy Thriller | R | 2h 15 m
Kitten is forced to balance life during one of Ireland’s most dangerous periods in recent history – transgender people don’t stop existing during major events, and she finds herself constantly surrounded by conflict due to The Troubles. Between her troubled youth, joining a punk rock band, and getting involved in sex work, Kitten struggles through external and internal turmoil while searching for her biological mother. Breakfast on Pluto is one of those films that critics hate but audiences love – so it’s got its own cult following.
Content Warning / Available on… Pluto, Roku Channel, Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
There are definitely better and worse movies out there, but By Hook or By Crook makes the list due to having a transmasculine main character. Shy is a transgender man who leaves for San Francisco and meets Valentine along the way – the two commit various petty crimes to make ends meet, so my main qualm with the film is similar to Boys Don’t Cry as transmasculine representation. I’m sure Shy is a complex character, but most transmasculine characters focus too heavily on toxic masculinity and fuel anti-trans stereotypes about transgender people being liars and criminals.
Troy suddenly takes his transgender son Joe out into the Montana wilderness to make their way to Canada – without telling Joe’s mother, largely due to her not being supportive of their son’s gender identity. Joe has a rough relationship with both of his parents, since his mother actively preaches against his transgender identity, and his father hasn’t been the most present due to prison and drug addiction. As expected, Joe’s mother reports to the police and has a search out for her missing child – and Troy’s drug addiction eventually catches up to him while on the trail. Compared to the last movie, criticslove Cowboys but audiences are mixed due to the film having a pretty slow pace at times.
Content Warning / Available on… Tubi, Roku Channel, Philo, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Ron Woodroof works with transgender woman Rayon after discovering he has AIDS during the 1980s. The health industry is against treating AIDS due to anti-gay politics, and thus Ron is forced to source medication from alternative sources to stay alive. Together, Ron and Rayon distribute treatment to others also failed by the mainstream health establishment.
Dallas Buyers Club is genuinely a good film, and it’s based on the real events Ron Woodroof experienced when creating the Dallas Buyers Club – a front he used to supply medication and supplements relieving AZT symptoms and AIDS.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Death and Bowling (2021)
Transmasc | Sport-ish Drama | NR | 1h 4m
A relatively short movie, Death and Bowling follows a transgender man who is made the captain of his local lesbian bowling league after the former captain passes away. If you’re seeking something sport-adjacent, it might be a good watch – assuming you can find somewhere to stream it.
Hollywood has never portrayed transgender people fairly – and it likely take decades before we’re accurately and positively represented. Disclosure is a COVID-era documentary that details transgender portrayals in mainstream media and its affects on public opinion on transgender rights. Since it was produced by Netflix, you’ll only be able to stream it via their service.
Sonny is a bisexual man married to both a cisgender woman (Angie) and a transgender woman (Liz) who struggles to maintain control of an escalating situation when he attempts a Brooklyn bank robbery. He draws national media attention and the ire of the FBI, and Dog Day Afternoon shows an accurate portrayal of what Sonny and Liz’s relationship would have been like with a lot of heart. The film doesn’t shy away from portraying anti-transgender harassment and discrimination, and there’s a substantial point in that while Sonny is a criminal, he truly loves Liz and his love for her (and his own bisexuality) aren’t what make him bad.
Content Warning / Available on… Hulu, Paramount+, fuboTV, Sling, Roku Channel, Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
There are very few full-length Native American transgender films. Drunktown’s Finest was directed and performed by Native American artists and tells three separate stories that collide together – one of which focuses on transgender woman Felixia. Reservations are underfunded hellscapes drained of resources and disconnected from the rest of the country, and the three main characters are all seeking something beyond their Navajo town.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
I wouldn’t actually recommend Ed Wood if you’re wanting a real transgender movie, but it’s still on this list. It portrays the real life of Ed Wood, the American filmmaker behind numerous pulp films between the 1950s to 1970s – including Glen or Glenda, the central film Wood is trying to create in Ed Wood. Glen or Glenda was one of America’s very first movies with transgender representation, which is why Glend(a) is depicted as a transvestite and also why Ed Wood was awarded Worst Director of All Time at the 1980 Golden Turkey Awards. Ed Wood was directed by Tim Burton, who was fascinated by the exploitation culture dominating 1950s Hollywood.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Emilia, a Mexican cartel boss, transitions as a transgender woman to finally live as herself with the help of doctors, lawyers, and other experts. Even though it’s difficult to leave her past life behind, Emilia manages to and even creates a nonprofit for victims of cartel violence – but it all comes crashing down when Emilia’s ex-wife finds new love and separates her from her children.
Critics enjoy Emilia Pérez, and it’s based on an opera libretto. It even features an actual transgender actress in the lead role – but audiences have absolutely trashed its ratings. Most of the hate reviews relate to it being a musical, since the public is seemingly exhausted of live-action musical movies, BUT Emilia Pérez has also been criticized for being poor representation of the transgender community as well as Latin America. There’s a heavy focus on the necessity of gender-affirming surgery, and of course – the movie centers on a transgender woman being a high-profile criminal, aggressive, and ultimately a liar despite it being released in 2024.
Two-Spirit / Transfemme | Dramatic Fantasy | R | 1h 37m
After a devasting earthquake hits Oaxaca, Mexico, a fashion designer joins a community muxes for research. The earthquake has a profound emotional impact on the community, and the film follows them process these emotions while fighting for legal recognition as a third gender in Mexico.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV
This is an artsy movie, born out of Japan’s New Wave era and combines arthouse and experimental cinema with the documentary genre. Funeral Parade of Roses follows Eddie, a transgender woman, as she navigates the queer scene in Tokyo. It takes direct inspiration from the Greek classic Oedipus, where Eddie eventually murders her mother and unknowingly sleeps with her father.
After his release from prison, Enrique returns home to find his wife having an affair and a new daughter – Vanessa has come out as a transgender woman and is transitioning despite Enrique’s lack of acceptance. The film focuses heavily on Enrique and Vanessa’s relationship as he struggles coming to terms with cisnormative ideas and toxic masculinity. It’s based on the Bronx neighborhood of the same name, and Gun Hill Road is notable for being one of the first films to have a transgender actor portray a transgender role.
Content Warning / Available on… Tubi, YouTube, Google Movies, Amazon Prime, Fandango
I included Hedwig and the Angry Inch on this list, but Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything!, and similar films get an honorary spot here. Hedwig isn’t actually trans, and honestly, the premise is pretty problematic – but the film is based on the campy rock musical released in 1998. Hedwig is a gay man born in East Germany, persuaded to have a sex reassignment surgery to travel to the United States as her boyfriend Luther’s wife. Her surgery is botched, Luther leaves her for a man, and the Berlin Wall falls to combine East Germany with West Germany. Driven by the allure of stardom, Hedwig goes on a journey to become a musical sensation despite trials, copyright infringement, and general misery.
Is Hedwig transgender? I’d argue possibly more so than the lead characters in Priscilla and To Wong Foo, but these films barely pass by as queer camp classics. It’s important to remember that Hedwig all hinges on the premise that Hedwig was forcibly given a botched sex reassignment surgery – she eventually accepts her identity as a woman, but that’s a pretty harmful trope to perpetuate since anti-transgender activists foam at the idea of transgender people being persuaded into bodily mutilation.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Fandango
After huffing a magic can of aerosol, Trinity discovers she can speak with the dead – and Holy Trinity is an hour and half comedic fever dream as she grapples with this power. Alongside her, Trinity is joined by nonbinary lead character Baby, who follows her alternative sexuality and spirituality journey.
Andrea is the eldest child of a dysfunctional Italian family during the 1970s who bonds with a Romani girl and his mother Clara eventually after coming out as transgender. Things have to break before they get better, which includes Andrea’s family. Andrea, Clara, and Sara all feel like outsiders to the rest of the world – whether they’re trapped in a body they don’t identify with, a loveless marriage, or a hostile world.
Content Warning… Tubi, Freevee, YouTube, PLEX, Amazon Prime, Fandango, Google Movies
Lingua Franca (2019)
Transfemme | 87% RT | Romantic Drama | NR | 1h 35m
Olivia is pursuing a marriage-based green card to avoid ICE deportation while taking care of Olga, a Russian-Jewish woman living in Brooklyn in the early stages of dementia. Lingua Franca is Isabel Sandoval’s third feature film, and she stars as the lead character in addition to directing, writing, and producing the movie. It’s pretty well-liked, and it’s a solid choice if you’re wanting to support a transgender creative.
Content Warning / Available on… Tubi*, Netflix*, Amazon Prime
Major! (2015)
Transfemme | Documentary | NR | 1h 35m
While most people are aware of Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, less know about Miss Major Griffin-Gracy – a formerly incarcerated transgender woman of color who has fighting for transgender rights for over 40 years, including during Stonewall. Major! is a documentary film giving insight to her life thus far and the campaigns she has been a part of. Miss Major survived Attica State Prison, sex work, and a lifetime of anti-LGBTQIA+ discrimination, and her story is one of the few from the frontlines of Stonewall.
Nonbinary actor Lío Mehiel plays Feña, a young transgender man attempting to rekindle former relationships with his father, estranged half-sister, and straight ex-boyfriend. After coming out and transitioning, Feña has lost a lot of people in his life – within 24 short hours, he’s sept through the extremes of human emotion as people finally re-enter his life.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, Netflix*, Google Movies, Fandango, Apple TV
Ludovic is unapologetically herself, and My Life in Pink is her journey in getting her family and community to accept her identity as a transgender girl. She might just be seven years old, but she knows she’s a girl – her parents struggle adjusting to this new knowledge as they try to impress their new neighbors. The film has a lot of funny moments as well as tough ones: Ludo attempts suicide during the film after being assaulted and she’s ostracized by her community, but her parents accept her gender identity by the end of the movie despite her age and it being the 1990s.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Amazon Prime, fubo, Google Movies, Apple TV
After being framed for the queen’s murder, Ballister Boldheart goes into hiding and meets Nimona who takes interest to Ballister for his “villainous” deed. The two have to find evidence to clear Ballister’s name, but he’s led to believe that Nimona is an ancient monster from historical legends. The film is about friendship and acceptance of one’s self – Nimona has lived their entire life feeling like they can’t fit in anywhere due to their magical shapeshifting powers. Nimona is implied to be nonbinary and genderfluid, even though the film uses predominantly feminine pronouns to refer to them.
Ruth Applewood shocks her wife after celebrating their 25th marriage anniversary with her plans to transition into a woman in the rural Midwest. Her transition drives the family apart, but they eventually find their way back to each other after months of conflict and harassment.
I want to write an additional note that while the film has a 100% on Rotten Tomatoes and pretty good audience reviews, the inspiration behind Normal is problematic. In an HBO interview, writer and director Jane Anderson said she hadn’t sourced any actual transgender people when creating the book or movie, and based the premise of the film by viewing transition the “ultimate betrayal” of love. The film wouldn’t hold up well if created today, especially with that mindset.
Based off Virginia Woolf’s novel, Orlando follows an androgynous nobleman who transforms into a woman. The story begins in the early 1600s until the present day (1992) due to Queen Elizabeth I’s magical wish for her to not fade, wither, or grow old. Virginia Woolf was queer herself, and Orlando has inspired many others with different takes on the story – including the 2023 documentary Orlando, My Political Biography, which has gotten even better reviews than the original as it combines Woolf’s story with a modern understanding of transgender identity.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Google Movies, Amazon Prime, Fandango, Apple TV
Paris Is Burning is one of the LGBTQIA+ community’s most classic films, giving an inside look at NYC’s ballroom culture during the late 1980s. It was the Golden Age of New York’s underground scene for queer and transgender people of color – and without ballroom culture, we wouldn’t have modern drag today. There’s a touch of how many transgender people identified more safely as just gay drag performers, but it also capitalizes on how social these events were in a time LGBTQIA+ people were forced underground due to the AIDS epidemic.
Of course, I feel inclined to note Paris Is Burning has its own controversies: while the film is integral to queer history, it can also have flaws. The Black and Brown performers in the film were generally exploited and the profit made wasn’t distributed well – which is why multiple performers in the movie later took director Jennie Livingston to court. Others have pointed out that Livingston, at the end of the day, was a cisgender white woman. Without her, Paris Is Burning may have never existed, but she still took advantage of a vulnerable community for her own gain.
Enjoy Paris Is Burning but want something more contemporary? Kiki was released in 2016 and is regarded by critics as a sequel to the original documentary – although there are notable differences, such as Kiki‘s focus on youth, activism, and the realities of living in NYC’s underground scene.
Content Warning / Available on… Max, Hulu, Roku Channel, YouTube, Amazon Prime, Fandango, Apple TV
I’ve tried to watch Romeos a few times, but I can never make it very far into the film before switching to something more enjoyable – it’s a German romantic comedy drama from the early 2010s, and there’s just something about it that I can’t fall in love with. Despite that, I’d still recommend it if you’re looking for something pretty cheesy or if you’re looking for a gay romance featuring a transgender man – Romeos is remarkable in the fact it’s one of the very few movies out there that is both transmasc and MLM.
Content Warning / Available on… YouTube, Amazon Prime, Fandango, Google Movies, Apple TV
After leaving his rural hometown to move to Auckland, Caz starts anew as he transitions as a transgender man. Years later, he returns to Rūrangi and has to face all of the people he abandoned when he left for the big city – include his father, childhood best friend, and ex-boyfriend.
Transfemme | 89% RT | Biographical Drama | R | 1h 52m
Based on the real relationship between Barry Winchell and Calpernia Addams, Soldier’s Girl is a drama about Barry’s murder – he was murdered in 1999 by his fellow soldiers for dating a transgender woman (Addams), and his death played a big role in Don’t Ask Don’t Tell discussions. Calpernia is a showgirl in Nashville where Barry is stationed, and Barry becomes subject to harassment and violence when his jealous roommate Justin Fisher spreads rumors about Barry and Calpernia’s relationship.
Content Warning / Available on… Tubi, Crackle, Roku Channel, Amazon Prime
Ren is an aspiring writer who accompanies her parents and younger sister to a beach resort and Something You Said Last Night follows her trying to navigate the resort, relationship with her loving but overbearing parents, and desire to be independent.
Content Warning / Available on… Pluto, Tubi, Sling, Xumo, Roku Channel, Plex, Fandango, Amazon Prime, Peacock, Google Movies, Apple TV
Robert Eads was a real transgender man who died of ovarian cancer due to doctors wrongly believing his life wasn’t worth potential harm to their reputations. The film’s title comes from the Southern Comfort Conference, a real major transgender conference that was considered the largest in the United States from 1991 to 2019 – Robert’s ultimate goal was to live long enough to attend. He transitioned later in life, so the movie touches on many of the tough relationships older transgender people have with their parents, children, and even grandchildren – but Robert has always been content living with his chosen family, including his transgender girlfriend Lola.
During the early months of the COVID pandemic in Brooklyn, Bahlul joins his uncle Terry as he recovers from a broken leg. Stress Positions is narrated by Karla, a bisexual/lesbian transgender woman living in the same building. Critics are generally impressed by the film, but it has a lower score by audiences – likely due in part to America’s exhaustion of thinking of the pandemic.
Content Warning / Available… Hulu, Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Leo, a transgender man, goes on an unplanned weekend trip with his best friend Eleanor. It’s their first time spending time together since Leo has transitioned, and Leo has been looking for a break from all of his auditions, acting classes, jobs, and situationships. Spending time with Eleanor begs the question: can bad sex and good friends mix?
Content Warning / Available on… Tubi, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Fandango, Apple TV
I often group Tangerine with Gun Hill Road – both are great films, but they have hard moments due to how well they portray reality for transgender women in tough situations. Sin-Dee and Alexandra are transgender sex workers who find out their pimp has been cheating with a cisgender woman. They eventually get the attention of Razmik, an Armenian cab driver and chaser who leaves his family on Christmas Eve to meet them across town. Between the two films, I enjoy Tangerine more – but both have their moments.
Content Warning / Available on… Max, YouTube, fubo, Sling, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Fandango, Redbox, Apple TV
Magdalena emerges from the Cruces River after being left for dead many years ago. She returns to her family’s dairy farm to find her husband Enrique (who understandably has a heart attack upon seeing his dead wife), daughter Cecilia, and grandchildren. Due to pollution, fish are dying at an astronomical rate and the environment is collapsing in The Cow Who Sang a Song Into the Future‘s arthouse style.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, YouTube, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Fergus is a member of the Irish Republican Army during the later years of the Troubles who kidnaps a Black British soldier as collateral for an imprisoned IRA member they want released. He eventually finds himself in London and meets meets Dil, a transgender woman he falls in love with. Unlike Breakfast on Pluto, Fergus plays an active role in the Troubles – he’s expected to assassinate a prominent British judge, and the Troubles were messy.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Based on the real life of Lili Elbe, one of the earliest individuals to ever receive bottom surgery, as she sheds the masculine gender roles she’s been forced to endure throughout her life. After years of being unable to be “cured” of being transgender through psychotherapy and other pseudo-conversion tools, she’s recommended a new but controversial surgery. Lili is the first person Dr. Kurt Warnekros has performed the surgery on, and like, real life, Lili dies after complications from the second round of surgery.
The Danish Girl was one of the first big movies to feature a transgender lead character in mainstream media – the film won multiple accolades, including an Oscar. However, it was also criticized for having a cisgender man play Lili’s role: Redmayne’s portrayal of Lili was one of the first big discussions on the importance of having transgender people play transgender stories.
Content Warning / Available on… Amazon Prime, Netflix*, Google Movies, Fandango, Apple TV
Frustrated by his father controlling his life, Joe escapes to the woods with his best friend Patrick and a new companion named Biaggio, who just happened to tag along for their adventure. They build a house out in the woods while the rest of the world fears Patrick and Joe have gone missing, and things go awry when Joe invites Patrick’s crush out to their hidden home. Biaggio is implied to be agender, and while they don’t use the term outright, Biaggio is confident in their nonbinary identity.
Content Warning / Available on… Paramount, Roku Channel, YouTube, Amazon Prime, Google Movies, Apple TV, Fandango
Following How to Survive a Plague, David France produced The Death and Life of Marsha P. Johnson to chronicle the suspicious death of Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries co-founder Marsha P. Johnson, one of the most prominent figures in the Stonewall Riots and gay liberation movement along with Sylvia Rivera. When Marsha died in 1992, police ruled it as a suicide despite evidence suggesting foul play – the film re-examines the events leading up to police finding Marsha’s body floating in the Hudson River.
Decades after its initial release, the Wachowski sisters who wrote and directed The Matrix franchise have stated the films are an allegory for transgender identity – which makes sense if you take in account the Wachowskis came out as transgender women in 2012 and 2016. Like Fight Club, The Matrix is adored by cisgender straight men for a lot of the wrong reasons, but the film has a lot of heart that made into a classic. The red pill has been likened to real red estrogen pills, and the Matrix’s sense of disconnect is meant to portray gender dysphoria. In the Wachowski’s original script, Switch was meant to be a woman in the Matrix and a man in the real world – but the idea was scrapped since “the corporate world wasn’t ready.”
If you’re looking for a transgender story, I would recommend other movies on this list before The Matrix – but it should stay on your radar if you’re up for critiquing a sci-fi classic with a modern transgender lens.
Content Warning / Available on… Peacock, Sling, YouTube, Google Movies, Fandango, Amazon Prime, Apple TV
While on this list, The Silence of the Lambs is NOT a movie to celebrate or inspire pride – but it’s important when discussing transgender history and visibility in film. Even though Buffalo Bill explicitly states he is not transgender, transgender identity is central to the film and the movie plays a major role in how transgender people were portrayed as psychopaths in mainstream media until recently. Bill is a serial killer who purposely targets women to assemble a flesh suit for himself – since he is routinely kills women to be a woman, it’s hard to separate Buffalo Bill from transness. The Silence of the Lambs did fantastically well both critically and commercially by using these references of Buffalo Bill as transgender, but LGBTQIA+ activism being a minor issue during the time period meant there wasn’t enough backlash to really force the question. The film’s success encouraged a new era of mocking transgender people – and it incited fear that transgender people are deranged and violent freaks.
Even if the public wasn’t ready to really separate Buffalo Bill from transness, The Silence of the Lambs did create a minor turning point in transgender cinema: unlike previous films that use “transgender psychopaths” like Psycho and Dressed to Kill, The Silence of the Lambs did go to incredible efforts to state Buffalo Bill is not transgender – but of course, that doesn’t matter too much if they’re still profiting off the public’s belief that he is.
Content Warning / Available on… Max, Hulu, YouTube, Sling, Roku Channel, Amazon Prime, Apple TV, Fandango, Google Movies
Kristen Lovell and Zackary Drucker follow Black and Latina transgender women who work as sex workers in NYC’s Meatpacking District during the 1980s and 1990s in an area referred to as “The Stroll” prior to its gentrification. It provides another viewpoint of what transgender people were experiencing in NYC to other films like Paris Is Burning.
Content Warning / Available on… Max, Hulu, YouTube, Sling, Roku Channel
J is thirteen years old and lives in Chicago and has been recently told they have to “pick” a gender due to the effects of long-term puberty blockers decreasing bone density. There’s some truth to this – puberty blockers do decrease bone density and can become a clinical concern for those on them for a long period of time, which is why they’re used for transgender youth prior to moving to traditional HRT. However, this isn’t really something J would be concerned about at thirteen – transgender youth are generally expected to be on puberty blockers until sixteen, and bone density concerns are easily addressed with the medical care that accompanies puberty blockers being prescribed.
Disregarding this technicality, They is… okay. There aren’t many films that feature nonbinary stories, which is why it didn’t get forgotten about completely.
Content Warning / Available on… Crackle, Google Movies, Fandango, fubo, Amazon Prime, Apple TV
Again: there are not many nonbinary films out there. This will change in the next decade or so; I remember ten years ago when there were about one or two transmasculine films out there but a wealth of short films. Nonbinary media is currently in a similar boat, so I feel confident in predicting there’ll be a good variety to pick from in time.
They / Them is a slasher set at a conversion camp for LGBTQIA+ youth, focusing on nonbinary Jordan who is constantly harassed by camp staff like the other campers, and the new camp nurse Molly who disagrees with the camp’s mission. It has a good premise, since it hinges on the disgust and rage LGBTQIA+ people have for despicable “conversion camps” like the one in the film – but it bombed due to its clumsy formatting and predictable ending.
Filmmakers have always been clumsy when portraying transgender people, and they were definitely clumsy in Laure/Mickaël’s character as a transgender kid. It’s unclear whether Laure/Mickaël is meant to be nonbinary, transmascline, or a lesbian girl, since the film ends with them presenting with their female birth name after being harassed for the entire movie for presenting as a boy. It reminds me a transmasculine version of My Life in Pink if it had a worse ending that left the main character “fixed” as cisgender. It’s considered a noteworthy film when discussing trans media, but it wouldn’t stand if released today.
One week before her bottom surgery, Bree receives a call from seventeen-year-old Toby from a NYC jail claiming to be her son. Bree’s therapist forces her to make contact with Toby in order to proceed with her surgery. Thus, she flies out to find Toby, who ran away from his stepfather’s home, and finds out his mother died years ago via suicide. She convinces Toby she is a Christian missionary and plans to bring him back to his stepfather while on a country-wide road trip – and the two inevitably bond along the way.
Content Warning / Available on… Starz, YouTube, Hulu, fubo, Sling, Roku Channel, Amazon Prime, Philo, Google Movies, Fandango, Apple TV
Transmitzvah (2024)
Transfemme | Comedy | R | 1h 42m
Rubén (aka Mumy Singer) embraces her female identity and rejects her planned Bar Mitzvah. Years later, she returns home after tragedy strikes the family as a famous Yiddish singing sensation, and Transmitzvah is their family coming to terms with who they are, together.
There aren’t many films that feature transgender people pursuing parenthood after transition – and Two 4 One is one of them. Adam is a transgender man who has a one-night stand with his ex-girlfriend to help artificially inseminate her with an at-home pregnancy kit. An accident causes them both to become pregnant, and the film follows Adam grapple with being pregnant and his sense of being a man.
Content Warning Unavailable / Available on… Tubi, Amazon Prime, Fandango, YouTube, Google Movies
Link impulsively runs away with his younger brother Travis from his abusive home in a run-down Canadian trailer park to find his mother, who he recently discovered was alive after believing for years she was dead. They meet Pasmay, a Mi’kmaq pow wow dancer who becomes interested in Link when they meet at a grocery store. The three of them go on a journey to find Link and Travis’ mother, and the boys rediscover their Indigenous heritage along with way.
Last week, I posted about five of the most common myths spread about transgender people. Misinformation sells – media has always benefited from spreading fake news, but current politics have heightened its spread. Here’s five more common myths spread about transgender people.
Myth #6: Transgender women are a threat to women’s spaces.
That’s a broad generalization that isn’t backed by any research. Transgender women are no more a threat to women than cisgender lesbians “threaten” fragile heterosexuality. Due to stereotypes and stigma, most transgender women already enter spaces rather timidly because they don’t want to push that narrative. Women’s bathrooms? Transgender women are just there to do their business and be on their way like any other woman. Domestic and sexual violence shelters? Maybe it sounds unbelievable, but transgender women are actually harassed more often than their cisgender counterparts – and they’re just looking for safe resources when at those centers.
At its core, this myth relies on the belief that transgender women are predators. Homophobes have labeled LGBTQIA+ people as dangerous for decades despite more accurate allegations against stereotypically conservative professions like law enforcement and religious officials. The myth centers transgender women as inherently masculine, often taking it a step further to imply that masculinity is always dangerous and transgender women are unable to lose this status due to being assigned male at birth. It also works on the flip side, since individuals who advocate for this myth don’t view transgender men as threats – due to being assigned female at birth, transgender men are unable to hold the same predatory status and are therefore welcomed in women’s spaces. It asserts that biological sex and mythical masculine-born energy dictate one’s ability to harm others.
Two comics from Assigned Male on the topic, by Sophie Labelle
Myth #7: All gender-affirming care is medical. All transgender people seek surgery, and children are being pushed into getting serious operations.
“Gender-affirming care” refers to any service that benefits transgender people, especially if that service helps to affirm our chosen gender identity. Medical services like hormone replacement therapy and surgery are classified as such, but so do non-medical services like binders, gaffs, haircuts, clothing style, pronouns, names, etc. There is not a single transgender person out there who engages with medical gender-affirming care before being well-acquainted with non-medical services. Before the normalization of informed consent, it was legally required to socially transition to access HRT – but it is still required for some transgender Americans who have insurance coverage that dictates letter approval as a prerequisite for HRT. Beyond HRT, individuals have to prove they’ve been on HRT for several years in addition to being socially transitioned to have surgical procedures, and many states require certain surgeries, usage of HRT, or documentation to allow transgender folks to legally change their gender documents.
Many transgender people do seek surgical procedures (often referred to as top or bottom surgery), but there is no single “one-size-fits-all” surgery for us. Not all transgender people can undergo or afford surgery, especially if they are disabled, live in a hostile or rural area, or have medical coverage that purposely doesn’t include transgender care. Lastly, not all transgender people want surgery, and that doesn’t make them less transgender. Anyone who identifies as a gender identity other than the one assigned to them at birth qualifies as transgender, but the label does not require folks to feel a certain way about their body. Most often, transgender people forgo bottom/genital surgeries since they have high complication rates and can have less-than-satisfactory results. And as mentioned above, it takes a lot of work to access these surgeries compared to other aspects of gender-affirming care.
Regarding any stories on minors being pushed into serious transgender procedures, I would kindly ask you to reconsider the validity of their publishers. It is already difficult enough for transgender adults to access surgeries or for transgender minors to be prescribed puberty blockers. The possibility of a transgender minor accessing surgery before age 18 is nearly zero. Minors have numerous barriers to gender-affirming care in addition to the ones transgender adults face – even the international WPATH guidelines require minors to have multiple healthcare providers recommend services. The only trans-related surgery minors can have feasible access to is transmasculine top surgery, since any other procedure would be paused until the individual turns 18. And I say feasible because transgender minors cannot reliably access top surgery since it’s extremely barred.
Myth #8: Transgender people are mentally ill.
In my previous post, I wrote about how cisgender people struggle to understand transgender experiences. Since they have never had to think critically about their relationship with either gender identity or sexuality, cisgender people come to the assumption that rebelling against their natural worldview means transgender people must hate their bodies, since anything else wouldn’t make sense. This assumption fueled and twisted research on transgender identity for decades – and it accompanied many other problematic ideas.
For reference, during these early years, you would also be labeled as mentally ill if you were a woman who cried too much, refused to be a servant to her husband, or stood firm that women ought to be equal to men. Queer individuals were also considered mentally ill, as were anyone else that failed to conform. Calling transgender people mentally ill purely based on their identity is as faulty as saying women still experience hysteria because they’re unwed.
Today, it’s a bit complicated: transgender identity itself was internationally removed as a mental illness in 2018 via the World Health Organization, and the current psychiatric diagnosis is gender dysphoria. The disconnect between one’s biological sex and internal gender identity is the only part of transgender identity classified as a mental illness today. There’s still stigma with that association, but mental illness does not hold any inherent goodness or badness to it. Before the classification change, transgender identity itself was labeled as illness, whereas today only the distress experienced from being misgendered, unaffirmed, and otherwise not respected as ourselves is classified as illness, and that distress can be a lot.
By making that move, the World Health Organization, American Psychiatric Association, and DSM also links gender-affirming care as a cure for gender dysphoria as a mental disorder: it has been well-documented that gender-affirming care eliminates gender dysphoria, and such care is internationally recommended as the best practice for transgender patients. Once a transgender person is affirmed as their gender, they generally experience little distress due to their sex assigned at birth – and that lack of distress qualifies as a lack of illness.
There is one more reason why gender dysphoria is still classified as a mental illness, and it essentially boils down to capitalism. Due to the American health insurance industry, individuals must have a diagnosis that qualifies care as “medically necessary” for companies to cover services. Without any diagnosis, American corporations would be quick to deny transgender Americans access to gender-affirming care unless they were willing to pay out-of-pocket, which is why WHO, the APA, and the DSM left gender dysphoria in the DSM rather than removing it entirely. However, it is predicted this might change – the field of psychology is leaning into classifying gender dysphoria as a medical condition rather than a psychiatric one, similar to how obesity was classified as predominantly a medical issue. This would remove some of the leftover stigma of being a “mental disorder” and allow transgender individuals to continue accessing gender-affirming care via health insurance coverage, since it would be diagnosed by a medical professional. The only potential issue with this route is that few medical professionals are adequately trained on transgender issues, similar to their lack of training on mental health as a whole. Unless folks live in a region with plentiful trans-friendly and knowledgeable providers, they may be further limited since doctors are generally unwilling to diagnose if they feel unconfident.
Myth #9: There are only two genders/sexes.
Gender is real, but it’s still a social construct. Social constructs are ideas that affect us as humans because of their perceived importance, but have little to no impact naturally.
The two comparisons I commonly use as alternative social constructs are money and race, since they are, in fact, social constructs. Without money, you wouldn’t be able to convince someone to build you housing or be paid for work, so money is real, but it doesn’t have any natural value since you’re not going to commonly find wild animals trading currency. Race matters because it identifies groups of people with each other (for better and worse), but it doesn’t have any natural meaning since, again, you’re not going to find animals identifying based on fur patterns, skin textures, or any other feature.
Gender roles, expression, and identity are all socially real but lack actual natural value. Western society traditionally emphasizes two genders, but that’s just one among thousands that have existed across human history. Other societies have held three or more genders for centuries, and western society is rapidly moving to a three gender system as nonbinary identities become socially accepted and legally recognized.
Stating there are only two sexes is more accurate than claiming there are only two genders, but it’s still not fully true. Frankly, it’s over simplistic: sex is complicated, which is why we’re taught there are two sexes while early in our educational journeys, but that view expands if you continue to learn about biology. Biological sex is composed of chromosomes, gonads, hormone levels, internal genitalia, external genitalia, and a mess of “secondary sex characteristics” like body hair distribution, breast tissue, vocal pitch, body fat, bone structure, muscle mass, etc. Most people align with one end of the sex spectrum, but intersex people can be born anywhere along it – and there are countless ways intersex conditions are expressed, meaning there are vastly more than just two sexes if you account for each possible intersex condition.
Myth #10: All transgender people are a little gay, and it’s at least a little bit gay to be attracted to a transgender person.
Statistically, transgender people are more likely to identify as queer compared to cisgender people – but that’s more attributed to the fact transgender people have already critically thought about their relationship with gender, so they’ve very likely thought about their sexuality. While cisgender heterosexual people hate to consider it, most people float somewhere along the straight-gay binary – but unless they have taken the time to reflect on their sexuality, few identify as queer when it is more convenient to be straight.
The other half of this myth is a lot to get into. Attraction is complicated, and sexual anatomy matters in some relationships – but I’ve always been of the opinion that gender and identity labels need to matter more. If you are a woman dating a transgender man, you are in a straight relationship; you can be bisexual and date him, but you’re not in a lesbian relationship. Stating otherwise demeans that partner of his gender for your own comfort – and people being obsessed with the comfort of previous sexuality labels is the most common I’ve come across. Hearing your partner call themselves a lesbian while they’re dating you as a man hurts, even if they don’t think it’s harmful, since it devalues your gender. A cisgender man dating a transgender man is a gay relationship, and it’s messed up how many times I’ve come across men who say transgender people are the nice little stepping stone between being gay and straight.
A cisgender woman dating a transgender woman is a lesbian relationship, and a cisgender man dating a transgender woman is a straight one. Doing mental gymnastics with this to defend your sexuality puts transgender people in danger – it is predominantly transgender women who are assaulted and murdered because straight men cannot bear being thought of as gay after being with a transgender woman, leveraging trans panic when brought to court – although it does happen the other way around, such as in the murder of Brandon Teena.
On one hand, labels shouldn’t have to matter that much – it’s why so many people just refer to themselves as queer since it avoids getting into a whole mess of other labels. But if your identity as a lesbian, gay man, or straight person matters that dearly to you, realize that our gender identity matters just as much to us as transgender people.
I was 14 when I realized I was transgender, back in the year 2014. Not much later, to my dismay, Caitlyn Jenner came out to the world – her novel identity fascinated the world, and that extended to my hometown in rural America. Suddenly, peers at school were talking about what they supposedly knew about transgender people, and my parents, who wouldn’t know I identified as trans for another year.
I’m well-versed in trans misinformation. Frankly, most transgender people are: it comes with being a marginalized person, expected to educate every single person you meet with unwavering patience. I don’t fault folks who get exhausted and frustrated after years of educating their friends, family, and strangers – that exhaustion led to the rise of Buzzfeed-like “Dear Cis People,” “100 Questions for White People,” and similar articles, videos, and posts during the 2010s that tried to rephrase that expectation. I always wondered when I would become frustrated and exhausted, likely to lash out like a stereotypical “blue-hair liberal.” Yet, eleven years later, I haven’t gotten to that point even though I’ve spent a decade in activism and educating cisgender people throughout those years. I can still manage patience, under one condition: I do not educate for bad faith. Many individuals purposely spread disinformation and “want to ask questions” to trans folks with the express purpose of being the Devil’s advocate. Those individuals are not open to actually learning and come with an agenda to demean or “convert” trans people. You cannot change them in one conversation, and they are not worth the effort. Anyone actually interested in understanding transness, that is not coming from a place of hatred, is worth teaching – even if they stumble on their journey.
Today, there’s more disinformation online than misinformation. There is a semantic difference: misinformation is false info spread, regardless of whether the person sharing knows if it’s true or not, while disinformation is purposely shared with knowledge that the info is false. All disinformation is misinformation, but disinformation is more nefarious. A family relative who shares a misleading post on Facebook about transgender people might not know its facts are wrong – that’s misinformation. If that relative knows that the post is incorrect, it becomes disinformation. There’s another conversation to be had on how to correct people with misinformation, since people hate being told they’re wrong and take corrections as a personal attack. Misinformation wasn’t that big of a deal ten years ago when flat-earthers and autism moms against vaccines were laughingstocks.
Misinformation is a big deal, and I don’t mean to be an alarmist. It truly holds the potential to cost human lives. We are more familiar with current events, such as the effects of misinformation about the COVID vaccine pushing more Americans to forgo the vaccination, leading to more immunocompromised people dying and more healthy Americans suffering from “long COVID.” Or, when Russia hacked American media during the past election cycles to spread disinformation and seat Republican candidates better suited to their interests.
Even before the 20th century, transgender people have always been around. If you look hard enough, you can find traces of gender-diverse people spanning centuries and Roman emperoress Elagabalus. Transness was only recently documented, and it’s only entered the public subconscious and mainstream in the past couple of decades. People claim the same about how many queer people exist today compared to fifty years ago, or how autism is supposedly on the rise. When identities are no longer criminalized and it becomes okay for people to publicly identify themselves, people incorrectly assume there’s an “explosion” of people suddenly queer, autistic, or transgender. The same belief was held on a sudden rise years ago of people identifying as left-handed or folks being diabetic. There was never a real increase, but there was a perceived explosion of left-handed individuals because they weren’t being burned at the stake for writing differently, and people were able to survive diabetes with the discovery of synthetic insulin, creating a “spike” of diabetic people.
This myth is fairly easy to dispute, for now. In some countries, information is regulated: when governments censor topics in published books, movies, and content on the internet, it’s easy to convince people that transgender people don’t exist. We are not at that point yet in the United States, but the GOP does want to move towards that future, evidenced by forced removals of transgender people mentioned in history, research, and educational curricula. Thus, trans history matters.
Myth #2: Transgender regret is common.
Compared to other medical procedures, transgender services like hormone replacement therapy and surgery actually have astonishingly low regret rates. Every surgery has a regret rate, whether it’s from complications, lack of satisfaction, or another reason entirely. The average knee surgery has a regret rate upwards of 30%, breast implants maintain a regret rate of up to 47%, and successful pregnancies have a regret rate around 17%.
The reason transgender people have an astonishingly low regret rate is because of these hoops, but it also deters people from getting care when it could benefit them. Trans regret only gets media coverage because detransitioners become viral on the internet from their sob stories. It’s unfortunate when it actually happens, but stories from detransitioned folks of how they were tricked are made up: even in “fast” informed-consent, you have a barrage of questions to answer from doctors to access prescriptions, changes take weeks to show even minor things, and you have people with you throughout the process to check in. Despite this reality, the belief that medical professionals are diabolically trying to force people to be transgender gets clicks.
Another way to think about trans regret and medical care is to compare it to other services. All procedures have risks and there can always be complications. Those risks are not worth denying the service as a whole. It’d be impossible to fathom a world where cancer treatments are banned because a small percentage of people have negative experiences on a life-saving treatment; the same should be applied to transgender procedures since they are documented as life-saving, too.
Myth #3: Transgender people want to trick cisgender people.
This myth has numerous layers, but at its core, it’s the insecure and paranoid belief that transgender people want to trick cisgender folks into having sex or that transgender people get some joy out of “tricking” people into perceiving us as our affirmed gender. Transgender people want to be respected as their authentic selves, but we don’t get joy from “tricking” others like our identity is a prank.
Trans people tricking poor cisgender folks into having sex is a real problem – and it’s been used as the punchline trope in comedy for decades. It even has legal recognition in most states, referred to as “trans panic defenses,” where cisgender people accused of murdering a transgender person can legally claim they were so angry, upset, or shocked that someone was transgender that they just had to assault them. The legal procedure comes from the underlying fragility of cisgender people’s sexuality, since there’s nothing worse than being thought of as flirting (or worse) with a transgender person, and gives cis judges and juries a reason to excuse anti-transgender hate crimes.
Disclosure is the process of telling a person that you’re transgender, and it’s a very personal decision that comes with inherent safety risks. Every trans person knows there is some risk in telling someone new, ranging from a new possible ally to a barrage of insults to even being hate-crimed. Some people prefer being out because they feel safe to do so, while others remain stealth – but not because they’re hoping to trick someone.
The transgender community advises sexually active folks to have that tough conversation with a prospective partner before you’re in the bedroom. Each person is different: a transgender woman who has had bottom surgery might not need to disclose her transgender status during a one-night stand because there’s nothing actually distinguishing her from other women compared to the safety risk of telling a stranger that you’re trans; a transgender man might feel inclined to tell a women he’s been seeing that he’s trans because aspects of his transness could affect their potential future together.
Cisgender people get frustrated about disclosure: they feel entitled to know whether someone is transgender. Some cis folks believe they “always know” when someone is trans, too. Yes, it is ideal for transgender people to be open about their identities, but cisgender people cannot be entitled to that knowledge as long as we exist in a society that is dangerous to live in. In comparison, there are so many other things you might want to know when having a one-night stand or going on a date with someone, like whether they’re infertile, if they have a stable job, if they have a disability, or already have children. But we all understand we are not entitled to automatically get that knowledge, and it completely upends how humans socially interact with each other via the social script.
On the other end of the spectrum, there is a community of cisgender folks who want to have sex with trans individuals because they fetishize us as a kink. Chasers (or “admirers,” as they call themselves) actively seek us out for sex. Any porn website will have a transgender category. Trans-specific dating apps exist purely for chasers’ convenience. We do not need to “trick” cisgender people into having sex with us. Should transgender people like chasers? That’s another topic for a different post – the ultimate point is no, we don’t trick cisgender people.
Because of the above, there is actually a subsection of the transgender community that identifies as T4T, or “trans for trans.” These trans folks only date other transgender people – but unlike chasers, they do so because they feel safer and better understood by other transgender people. We don’t have to explain our transness or the complications of gender theory to another transgender person to feel heard; we don’t have to fear that they might believe we’re going to hell for being trans or go into a violent rage because of who we are.
Myth #4: Transgender people are sexually aroused by their bodies. / Transgender people hate their bodies.
I combined two common myths for this one because both relate to how cisgender people fail to empathize with trans experiences. The first part, or the belief that all transgender people get turned on by their bodies, relates to Freudian-era pseudoscience and confusing transvestites with transgender people.
There are individuals who are sexually aroused by their bodies: the scientific terms are autogynephilia and autoandrophilia. But unlike transvestites, transgender people do not transition because they seek sexual pleasure. Generally, transvestites just stop at crossdressing (aka not continuing transition by seeking hormones or surgery) because they don’t actually want to identify as another gender. Yet transvestites were infinitely more interesting to research during the early years of sexology, so research papers were written for years with this base assumption that transgender people transition out of kink.
Are transgender people allowed to be sexually aroused by their bodies? Cisgender people are allowed to feel confident or sexy when looking at themselves in the mirror. It would be hypocritical to say transgender people do not deserve that same right. To feel comfortable in our bodies, that includes having the capacity to feel sexual in them, too. But that’s more a philosophical question outside of the realm of this myth.
The second part, or that transgender people must hate their bodies, also dates back to early research on transgender people. Cisgender people have always struggled to grasp what causes a person to want to be a different gender – very few cis people think critically about their relationship with their sex assigned at birth, so gender isn’t something they’ve really considered. To rebel against their natural worldview, they believe transgender people must hate their bodies – anything else wouldn’t make sense.
These assumptions permeated the very beginning of transgender researchers, and even trans-friendly providers held these stereotypes. It became quickly obvious that to transition socially, medically, or legally, transgender people had to adhere to these stereotypes since cisgender people held the power to prescribe medicine or affirm legal changes that transgender folks did not. To allow trans people to transition, doctors wanted them to fit their rigid boxes of what they believed transness to be – and that always included the stereotype that transgender people absolutely hate their biological bodies.
Today, there’s a decent understanding within the scientific community that transgender identity does not come from a hatred of one’s body but rather a disconnect between one’s internal versus outward gender. That disconnect can include feelings of hatred, but it doesn’t have to. The term “gender dysphoria” refers to that disconnect, ranging in feeling just uncomfortable to more extreme disgust or hatred. There is also a community of individuals promoting the idea that gender euphoria is just as important as gender dysphoria when discussing the need for transition – transgender people should not be expected to hate themselves. To be happy and fulfilled people, we need to be allowed to feel content in our bodies.
Myth #5: Transgender people want to dominate in sports, prisons, schools, etc.
We aren’t asking for unlimited access to dominate sports, we want the right to play fairly as ourselves. Until the past year or so, transgender people have been playing small roles within sports without issue: most leagues have written rules on how transgender people may participate, which usually requires two to three years of documented hormone replacement therapy. HRT is the key factor on supposed “advantages,” since hormones dictate muscle growth, strength, and stamina in all human bodies. A transgender woman who has been on prescribed estrogen for five years has no biological advantage over a cisgender woman – and quite frankly, cisgender women do hold an advantage if they compete with naturally high testosterone or a hormone disorder. Other aspects of transition, like surgery or legal status, have zero bearing on competitive performance.
For emphasis, transgender people have been officially allowed to compete in the Olympics since 2004. The exact rules have varied, but the general consensus to be allowed to participate is hormone replacement therapy. And the standards used by the Olympics are used in countless other sports and minor leagues.
Some folks might still get up in arms about other “advantages” transgender may have, but none of them warrant barring a group of people from fair play. A transgender woman who is six foot might have an advantage at basketball, but so does a cisgender woman who is also six foot. It’s those small advantages that drive people to play sports based on what they’re good at. It’s the nature of competition and sports. Getting up in arms about bone structure or child socialization is just as nonsensical as barring people based on race, ethnicity, disability, and even class.
This myth is more ludicrous in school settings. It’s difficult to argue against the benefits of school sports: they provide exercise while giving youth crucial team building skills while they socialize in a structured setting. But due to the stigma transgender people automatically get from participating in sports, very few of us do – and even fewer participate in school sports. Even in the most liberal states, transgender students still have to adhere to established protocols, which almost always relate to documented hormone replacement therapy. Out of the thousands of students that participate in school sports each here, only one or two of them identify as transgender. If they’re playing by the rules, it’s hardly fair to ban them based on identity alone.
Lastly, transgender people don’t go to prison to use taxpayer dollars for gender-affirming care. It’s way easier to transition beyond prison, and the dangers transgender people are exposed to in prison are never worth it: compared to cisgender adults, transgender people are roughly 10 times more likely to be assaulted by both fellow prisoners and prison staff. Most transgender people are forcibly detransitioned while incarcerated, so the reality is closer to transgender people asking if they can access or continue medical care while incarcerated.
Looking for resources to better support yourself or a trans loved one? Everyone deserves to lead happy, healthy, and fulfilling lives.
Author’s Note: This list is not comprehensive – future blog posts will have details on trans resources not included in this article, which serves as a basic intro to trans resources and information. Also, some legal rights and resources contained in this post may change due to the hostile political environment regarding trans lives.
Get Help Now: Crisis Resources
If you are thinking about harming yourself or others, please get immediate support. The National Suicide Prevention Hotline has call, text, and online chat options available for free confidential support 24/7/365 for anyone in crisis.
I’ve previously mentioned various hotlines and mental health resources, outlining how to navigate counseling, support groups, and telehealth options. Remember that anyone can and should use hotline services – there’s no minimum level of “crisis” you have to have to call, and you’re never wasting their time by doing so.
LGBTQIA+ people, and especially transgender and nonbinary individuals, are more likely to become homeless than cisgender heterosexual folks. Queer individuals have less family support than others due to anti-LGBTQIA+ hostility, so they have limited options for doubling up and staying with family during housing instability. Despite sexual orientation and gender identity being included in discrimination protections under federal laws like the Fair Housing Act, queer people are still turned away from potential landlords and houses unless they have the financial means to fight for their legal rights. Due to these factors, queer and transgender people are more prone to engage in survival sex and sex work as a way to find shelter when employment and traditional services are restricted. While homelessness is a crisis of its own, being unhoused individuals are exceedingly likely to experience other crises.
Even homeless shelters are not necessarily safe for LGBTQIA+ people – most shelters in the United States stem from religious charity work that eventually evolved into the modern nonprofit industry that exists today. It’s not exactly uncommon for homeless transgender people to feel unsafe while trying to get help from shelters that discriminate on their gender identity, using gendered binary shelters to designate their arrangements regardless of their gender identity. When shelters require ID, LGBTQIA+ people risk discrimination when gender identity and expression don’t fit their ID or legal name. The best way to combat anti-LGBTQIA+ discrimination is to report an official complaint with the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, which can be filed online, over the phone, or by mail. LGBTQIA+ community centers and organizations local to your area can also be helpful in advocating for your rights.
Unfortunately, there aren’t any comprehensive national directories of LGBTQIA+-friendly homeless shelters. Instead, it’s best advised to look at the reviews of local shelters and ask community members in your region whether they’re affirming of queer and transgender people. Ultimately, the best way to determine whether a homeless shelter or program is LGBTQIA+-inclusive is by calling them directly and asking about their policies. Trans Lifeline cites giving direct support in calling homeless shelters in this manner on behalf of transgender callers for free in the United States.
My previous hotline post covers major LGBTQIA+ hotlines around the world – none of them discriminate based on gender identity, and transgender crisis support is a key aspect of their work. The following hotlines are a condensed LGBTQIA+ version of that post with only national US listings, although many major cities have regional LGBTQIA+ hotlines available in addition to those below.
DEQH provides free confidential counseling to LGBTQIA+ South Asians through trained peer support volunteers. DeQH is the first and only national queer Desi helpline and serves anyone from the South Asian diaspora. They are only available to take telephone calls on Thursday and Sunday evenings, although they can be reached during the week through their online contact form for a reply.
Fenway Health is an LGBTQIA+ healthcare, research, and advocacy organization that also provides free information and referrals for LGBTQIA+ issues, harassment, and violence. Both of their helplines are available during select evening hours from Monday to Saturday: the Fenway LGBT Helpline for individuals ages 25 and older can be reached at 617-267-9001, while the Peer Listening Line for those ages 25 and under can be called at 617-267-2535.
LGBT Switchboard of New York is recognized as the oldest LGBTQIA+ hotline in the world and provides free peer support Monday through Saturday. Despite their name, the LGBT Switchboard of New York offers support, care, resources, and information to anyone regardless of where they live by calling 212-989-0999 – including outside of New York and the United States.
MASGD, or the Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity, operates the Inara Helpline every Friday and Saturday evening for LGBTQIA+ people who identify or are perceived as Muslim. The MASGD Inara Helpline can be reached by calling 717-864-6272.
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, or the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, is the largest mental health and crisis hotline in the United States. Using support from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 988 routes callers to licensed mental health services based on their location to provide 24/7/365 services by calling the general 988 number. The Lifeline is fully accessible in English, Spanish, and American Sign Language (ASL) and also provides services via text/SMS and online chat.
For specifically LGBTQIA+-trained counselors, individuals should press 3 after dialing 988, texting “PRIDE” to 988, or checking the relevant box for LGBTQIA+ support when completing the pre-chat online survey.
SAGE x HearMe is a collaborative project between SAGE, the nation’s largest organization for LGBTQIA+ elders, and HearMe to modernize the national queer senior hotline. SAGE x HearMe operates a mobile app that users can reach anonymously 24/7 to find instant support.
SGR Hotline, or the Sex, Gender, and Relationships Hotline that spun from the LGBTQIA+ Switchboard of San Francisco, provides free confidential counseling on STDs, HIV, pregnancy, birth control, gender identity, sexuality, kinks, sex work, anatomy, and more. Their number at 415-989-7374 is available for callers Monday through Friday.
The Network/La Red is a survivor-led organization that focuses on LGBTQIA+ partner abuse, as well as abuse in kink and polyamorous communities. Their free 24-hour hotline can be fully used by both English and Spanish speakers by calling 800-832-1901 (toll-free) or 617-742-4911 (voice).
The Trevor Project is the primary crisis organization for LGBTQIA+ youth in the United States between the ages of 13 to 24. Their services are available 24/7/365 in collaboration with the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: The Trevor Project can be reached by phone at 866-488-7386, text/SMS at 678-678, and online chat. TrevorSpace is a moderated online forum available at any time.
Trans Lifeline is a peer support hotline run by trained transgender volunteers for trans, nonbinary, and questioning folks in need of support. Services are fully anonymous, confidential, and do not engage in non-consensual active rescue every Monday through Friday.
THRIVE (Thriving Harnesses Respect, Inclusion, and Vested Empathy) is a text-based crisis line staffed by trained professionals with marginalized identities, catering to people of color, LGBTQIA+ individuals, disabled people, and other vulnerable people. The text/SMS line is available 24/7/365 by texting “THRIVE” to 313-662-8209.
Trans Rights & Me: Legal Resources
The best source for legal information and steps to update legal names and gender markers on identity documents (such as state IDs, driver’s licenses, birth certificates, passports, social security, selective service, and immigration documents) is Advocates for Trans Equality. Their ID Document Center is a one-stop online hub for transgender folks looking to update their information and is the most current national directory of related resources.
The ability to change one’s legal name or gender marker varies by state – so while it may be easy to update identity documents for individuals who were born in California or Oregon, it’s prohibited elsewhere in the country. Federal documents, like passports, can have their gender marker updated despite state law – although this may change due to the current administration.
Get Help: Transgender Legal Organizations
Advocates for Trans Equality operates its Impact Litigation Program to take on a small number of court opportunities each year to establish trans-affirming precedents in the law through the work of the Transgender Legal Defense and Education Fund. Their Trans Legal Services Network represents over 80 organizations throughout the United States that provide legal services to transgender people local to their area.
American Civil Liberties Union is one of the primary human rights organizations in the United States that has fought for individual rights and freedoms since 1920. The ACLU operates chapters in each US state to handle court opportunities and case litigation – individuals should contact their local ACLU chapter for legal assistance. In addition, the ACLU also maintains comprehensive legal resource guides on a variety of topics such as LGBTQIA+ rights, disability, religious freedom, criminal law, racial justice, HIV, reproductive freedom, voting, immigration, free speech, etc.
Black & Pink is an LGBTQIA+ prison abolitionist organization with multiple programs aimed to resettle queer and transgender individuals through transitional housing and opportunities.
Equality Federation is a non-partisan lobby and LGBTQIA+ policy organization that pursues pro-equality legislation throughout the United States. Their legislation trackers include current information on both positive and negative trans-related bills among other queer issues.
Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders is a national litigation organization that takes on several LGBTQIA+ cases to advance queer and transgender rights throughout the country. They also operate their own Transgender ID Project, although it is more limited than A4TE’s. Unlike A4TE, GLAD has a public online contact form for free and confidential legal information, assistance, and referrals.
Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, or GLSEN, is an education organization that provides support to LGBTQIA+ public students and educators. The GLSEN Navigator directs online users to the most appropriate GLSEN branch/chapter near them and also provides information on local laws, protections, and research. The Public Policy Office also serves as a hub for legal protections and information about previous court cases GLSEN has provided assistance and litigation for.
GLAAD is an American media and legislation nonprofit that serves to create better representation and visibility for LGBTQIA+ in entertainment. The GLAAD Accountability Project provides public information GLAAD collects by monitoring and documenting high-profile figures and groups that use their platforms to spread misinformation and false rhetoric about LGBTQIA+ communities.
Immigration Equality is America’s leading LGBTQIA+ and HIV-positive immigrant rights organization, providing expert guidance on queer and transgender immigration legal policy while also using impact litigation to advance LGBTQIA+ and immigration rights through far-reaching court cases.
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex Association is a federation of 2,000 organizations in over 160 countries around the world dedicated to promoting LGBTQIA+ rights alongside the United Nations. Through their networks, ILGA brings international attention to human rights violations to the UN and media.
interACT is an intersex rights organization centered on youth empowerment, which employs full-time lawyers to fight for intersex bodily autonomy in the United States.
Lambda Legal is a litigation organization that represents the interests of LGBTQIA+ people in the United States alongside the ACLU and GLAD. Like GLAD, Lambda Legal operates a Help Desk to provide general legal information and resources – although their assistance is not legal advice to the same level as GLAD.
National Black Justice Coalition is the leading civil rights organization for LGBTQIA+ Black Americans, offering toolkits and resources in addition to legislation lobbying in favor of pro-equality bills for queer and transgender rights.
National Center for Lesbian Rights is a civil and human rights organization that supports the rights of all LGBTQIA+ people. Despite their name, the NCLR advocates for all queer and transgender rights through litigation, policy, and public education. They also operate a free legal helpline, available at 800-528-6257 and 415-392-6257.
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force is the oldest national LGBTQIA+ rights organization in the United States that collaborates with over 400 organizations in federal policy advocacy to organize census and voting campaigns through FedWatch.
NMAC, or the National Minority AIDS Council, leads HIV policy and legislation related to communities of color in the United States. Their Advocacy 101 section guides users to become politically active and involved in local legislation with their elected representatives.
Outright Action International is an advocacy organization dedicated to LGBTQIA+ human rights around the world that works with the United Nations to develop global programs and initiatives towards creating a safer world for queer and transgender folks.
Pride Law Fund is a funding service that sponsors legal projects, services, education, and outreach that promote LGBTQIA+ people and individuals living with HIV.
Sylvia Rivera Law Project is a collective that increases the political voice and visibility of low-income people and people of color who are transgender, nonbinary, intersex, or gender-nonconforming. SRLP’s programs and legal assistance are geared towards transgender people who are at risk of homelessness, have criminal records, or are immigrants.
Transgender Law Center provides impact litigation on select court cases to advance transgender rights in the United States. TLC also provides basic information about laws and policies through their Legal Help Desk, although they do not take on individual cases through the Desk.
Trans Legislation Tracker is an independent research organization that tracks bills related to transgender and nonbinary people in the United States through the work of academics and journalists who publish the Trans Legislation Tracker’s data.
Looking for more information about legal issues, information, and rights? This resource post can guide you through the basics of legal jargon, rights, important court cases, and general resources.Advocates for Trans Equality also has an extensive database of trans-related protections and laws. Both the Movement Advancement Project and Erin in the Morning have up-to-date maps on LGBTQIA+ laws.
Healthcare is a Human Right
Looking for general healthcare resources? This post outlines what medical care is, how to navigate healthcare insurance, and general resources/programs.
Coverage of gender-affirming care by state government healthcare programs like Medicaid and CHIP varies by state, although the Affordable Care Act prohibits discrimination based on gender identity – which has been further backed by federal courts. This means that all state Medicaid programs have to provide general and gender-affirming healthcare, but each state is allowed to impose specific guidelines or restrictions on having that care paid by Medicaid similar to commercial insurance policies. While some transition-related care can be denied on a case-by-case basis, it has been established that “blanket bans” on transgender care is discriminatory and illegal. However, it’s worth noting that Medicaid access is not equal throughout the United States – 10 states completely deny Medicaid to single adults without children or disabilities. The Movement Advancement Project has an up-to-date map of current Medicaid policies by state and whether gender-affirming care is protected or excluded. A4TE has a directory of Medicaid policies.
On January 28th, 2025, President Donald Trump signed the executive order “Protecting Children from Chemical and Surgical Mutilation.” While executive orders often carry the power of federal law, they do not override the US Constitution, federal statutes and laws, or established legal precedent – nor do they have the longevity of passed laws. The order bans gender-affirming care being covered by state Medicaid programs for anyone under the age of 19, including puberty blockers and hormone replacement therapy.
Federal programs vary, and their consistency is subject to the current presidential administration. Medicare currently covers medically necessary gender-affirming care, which includes hormone replacement therapy, surgery, and related consultations – these are listed under Medicare Part D and should be fully covered when prescribed. Indian Health Services (IHS), which covers Native Americans recognized in federally recognized tribes, implies that gender-affirming care is covered by their programs – although there is less explicit guidance of this practice online. TRICARE, the primary healthcare coverage for active service members and their families, only covers select parts of gender-affirming care like HRT – although this is extremely likely to change in 2025 under the new presidential administration and TRICARE will likely deny all gender-affirming coverage in the event transgender people are banned from military service again. This is similar to coverage provided by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), which still only covers some transition-related medical care despite early promises made by the Biden administration to lift the bans imposed by Trump’s first administration. Finally, while all incarcerated individuals are entitled to medical care as determined by Estelle v. Gamble, there is no minimum quality of healthcare required as long as the prison offers any form of medical care – and that care does not have to be free, despite popular belief. While gender-affirming care is considered necessary and intentional barriers are seen as a violation of the Eighth Amendment, it is difficult for transgender prisoners to fight for their medical rights while incarcerated. American prisons are not required to be accredited, although one of the main accrediting bodies – the National Commission on Correctional Health Care – supports gender-affirming care for incarcerated individuals. In other words, gender-affirming care for incarcerated transgender people varies drastically based on the facility they are at.
The Trans Health Project, an initiative through Advocates for Trans Equality, is the primary resource for understanding and navigating healthcare insurance and gender-affirming care in the United States as a transgender person. The site guides users through the process of applying for commercial healthcare, understanding their coverage, and navigating the laws in their state. Half of US states explicitly prohibit health insurance companies from excluding transgender-related services, while the other half of the country has no regulations on what services commercial insurance can prohibit.
Most healthcare insurance programs, regardless of whether they are commercial or government-based, have requirements before gender-affirming care can be covered. Reputable programs will base their requirements on WPATH, or the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which has held the standard for ethical transgender healthcare since 1979. The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People is used as the international standard for transgender healthcare similar to how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is the standard used for mental health treatments. WPATH and the SOC have clearly stated that gender-affirming care such as hormone replacement therapy and gender confirmation surgery is the best practice based on scientific research for decades. As such, insurance plans and programs use WPATH and SOC guidelines to require transgender people to have “persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria,” the ability to make a fully informed consent, and a set amount of counseling with a mental health professional to receive a medical necessity letter to submit for insurance coverage. A4TE also provides a free template for users to appeal insurance denials of gender-affirming care. Transgender adults have the option to pursue gender-affirming care out-of-pocket to bypass the restrictions imposed by insurance coverage programs – which is covered in financial resources later in this article.
There are additional restrictions for transgender minors, which is a hot topic in current politics during this heightened war on transgender rights. In states where minors are allowed gender-affirming care like puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy, or surgery, there are additional requirements and consent must be given by the minor’s parents or legal caregivers. There are currently six states that make it a felony crime to provide gender-affirming care to transgender minors: Oklahoma, Florida, Alabama, South Carolina, Idaho, and North Dakota.
How to Find Gender-Affirming Care
Just like other medical fields, gender-affirming care can be done in-person or through telehealth – in-person providers are more often covered by healthcare programs, but can be more difficult to access than telehealth.
Will gender-affirming care be banned? The current political distribution of Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court has many transgender people rightfully anxious about the future of their care – especially since the GOP has declared war on “transgenderism.”
It’s not impossible – I’m not going to lie to you. There *is* a worst-case scenario out there where transgender people of all ages are denied gender-affirming care and we are given the options to forcibly detransition, become refugees and leave the United States, seek care illegally, or die. However, this scenario is unlikely. The American public has complicated views on transgender topics, but the majority believes that transgender people should have additional rights to protect them from discrimination. The last two elections have shown that American voters are not nearly as gung ho about erasing transgender rights as the GOP is hedging their bets on – which is what ultimately lost the GOP their “red wave” in 2022. While the upcoming years will be rough, we just have to survive two years before Congress can swing back blue – assuming that Democrats have given up claiming they lost the 2024 election due to being “too woke.”
So what’s realistic? Within the next two years, I can easily see Medicaid no longer being able to cover gender-affirming care like hormone replacement therapy or surgery – although any decision to do so would immediately end up in court since it would violate the Affordable Care Act. On the other hand, that’s likely something the anti-trans GOP wants since they want to eliminate the Affordable Care Act and give in to the commercial healthcare industry’s demands. It is something that would rely on Trump – likely an executive order that bars federal funding from any healthcare provider that performs gender-affirming care. While the GOP has a majority in Congress, their majority is extremely slim and fragile due to their own infighting so any massive bill is improbable unless Democrats fold on LGBTQIA+ rights. Don’t get me wrong – that’s no small thing. Medicaid is used by millions of Americans, including myself, but it would be survivable with enough resourcefulness. Out-of-pocket expenses would increase for transgender folks and we would be more likely to rely on older methods of self-prescribed gender-affirming care before the wide access to providers. However, it would be survivable – especially with the likely increase in mutual aid, donations, fundraising, and international support that would come with such a decision. I don’t think it’s realistic that the act of prescribing gender-affirming care to adults will be nationally criminalized or prohibited, as I described in the above worst-case scenario.
IN-PERSON PROVIDERS
The OutList Provider Directory is a free resource through OutCare, a nonprofit health organization that advocates for comprehensive LGBTQIA+ health. The directory provides information about providers from all fields – including HRT and surgery. For best results, search by tag (“gender-affirming medical care” pulls a good number of results) rather than specialties. Other directories also exist, such as Rad Remedy and MyTransHealth, although these other independent projects have not survived the pandemic as well as OutList.
In a similar vein, TransLine is an information and medical consultation service that explains various gender-affirming techniques like HRT and surgery and includes many of the billing codes that providers have to use for care to be covered by healthcare insurance.
Both WPATH and the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA) have online directories of healthcare providers that are listed with them. Out of the two, GLMA’s directory is extensively better since its LGBTQ+ Healthcare Directory is larger and more user-friendly. Similarly, TransHealthCare provides information about transgender-specific surgeons in a more user-friendly format than WPATH. While not necessarily listed in the above directories, Planned Parenthood is one of the largest gender-affirming care providers in the US since most of their local health centers provide HRT and puberty blockers in addition to their other services like STD treatment and abortions. Planned Parenthood didn’t used to provide HRT as widely as now before the rise of anti-transgender legislation – although now it’s a focal point and cornerstone of their mission to provide equitable healthcare.
TELEHEALTH PROVIDERS
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an influx of telehealth created a wealth of transgender healthcare accessibility. There are a number of virtual HRT providers that prescribe gender-affirming care.
An important note on gender-affirming telehealth: HRT through telehealth may soon no longer be an option for transmasculine people seeking testosterone. Due to its history of being abused by predominantly cisgender men, testosterone is a highly classified drug compared to the treatment prescribed to transfeminine folks. Even though more than just transgender men use testosterone, COVID-19 opened the doors for testosterone to finally be able to be prescribed (temporarily) through telehealth for transmasculine people. However, in the years following the pandemic, the FDA and state governments have been attempting to shut down the prescription of testosterone through telehealth despite the well-documented benefits of telehealth for transgender communities during this turbulent political time.
Most major cities have gender clinics (described below in informed consent options), which almost always give telehealth options when available. Additionally, Planned Parenthood has telehealth options available for their services like gender-affirming care. The following are the largest purely telehealth HRT providers in the United States.
QueerDoc is the oldest large-scale HRT telehealth provider, although they’re smaller than the following two options. They operate in Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, Montana, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. They don’t accept insurance, but they offer a sliding scale since you’ll be paying out-of-pocket. Compared to FOLX and Plume, QueerDoc is a worse choice due to the pricing but without QueerDoc, there wouldn’t be a FOLX or Plume.
FOLX Health was started a year after QueerDoc and is the largest telehealth option between themselves, QueerDoc, and Plume. FOLX accepts a number of insurance plans to cover their monthly membership fees, copays, medications, and labs. Since FOLX is large enough to have in-person facilities in major cities, FOLX is available in all states – including ones that are banning trans telehealth like Florida. Unfortunately, neither FOLX or Plume are available for minors to use – you have to be at least 18 in most states to use either service, although a few states have an even higher age requirement of 20.
Plume is the youngest of the three main telehealth options and accepts a range of insurance plans. Plume requires a monthly membership to access their providers, which can be covered by insurance plans alongside the copay required for appointments. Unlike QueerDoc, Plume operates as a telehealth provider in nearly the entire US with limited exceptions in states like Florida that are currently banning transgender-related telehealth.
INFORMED CONSENT
Gender clinics refer to medical centers that specialize in transgender-related care – they were especially popular during the 1960s and 1970s and have made a modern resurgence due to the widespread medical consensus that gender-affirming care is the most appropriate treatment for gender dysphoria. These organizations often use informed consent, a process where hormone replacement therapy (or any other treatment) is prescribed to a patient after discussing the potential risks and benefits of HRT and the patient has signed a legal agreement stating they understand and fully consent to the treatment. Compared to traditional routes of pursuing gender-affirming care, informed consent is much faster – after a couple of consultations with a provider, you can physically have your prescribed medication in a couple of weeks. Informed consent allows transgender adults to make their own decisions about their bodies when given complete and accurate information about HRT.
While A4TE has a list of gender centers, I actually recommend Erin in the Morning’s collection. A4TE’s list is limited to facilities associated with research institutions, teaching hospitals, and academic settings – which are more likely to provide care to transgender minors, but woefully incomplete since thousands of informed consent clinics are community health based and not academic (including Planned Parenthood).
LETTER OF NECESSITY
Outside of gender clinics, traditional healthcare providers like most of those listed in directories like OutList will require a letter before they will begin prescribing hormone replacement therapy. This practice dates back to the previous SOC guidance by WPATH (then known as the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association), which requires individuals to find a therapist or counselor to write a letter stating that HRT was deemed suitable and medically necessary. While mental health counseling is recommended for everyone, the required use of letters bars more transgender people than it helps – trans folks are often led to feel like they have to “perform” their transness to get a letter, adhering to common stereotypes that cisgender people have about trans people.
Most mental health professionals qualify to write a letter, as long as they feel comfortable enough doing so – if they don’t feel comfortable and won’t agree to write a letter on your behalf, they’re likely not a good fit for you as a counselor anyway. After receiving your letter, you’ll take it to your HRT provider and soon be prescribed medication. The largest downside to the letter process is the wait times, since mental health care is already considerably less accessible than other medical fields on top of the fact that most counselors will require at least three to six months of regular visits before they will sign off on the letter. On the other end of the spectrum, the vast majority of insurance companies and programs will require a letter to cover HRT since they need it proven that the care is medically necessary enough to cover. Beyond hormone replacement therapy, other forms of gender-affirming care like surgery almost always require at least one letter (if not more) to have a gender confirmation surgeon see you or for insurance companies to pay for your care.
Community Support
For the majority of trans people, online support is the first step to finding support. Trans Lifeline’s Resource Library has a large selection of online support groups, ranging from general support to marginalized groups like people of color, disability, youth, etc.
Nearly all online spaces and social media platforms have transgender-related spaces – like communities on Twitter and Tumblr, groups on Facebook, subreddits, and Discord servers. There are thousands of them, so it’d be impossible to create an exhaustive list – but here are a few major ones on each platform.
Transgender forums have a LOT of history – before the creation of places like Reddit, independent forum websites were the predominant place where transgender people connected in the 1990s when they were unable to find people easily IRL. They were a modern extension of the underground journals and magazines like Transvestia, Drag, Transgender Tapestry, and FTM International. Even though social media platforms like Reddit and Facebook are the mainstream today, many of these forums still exist if you know where to look for them:
There aren’t many large-scale support group organizations – most national LGBTQIA+ groups tend to lead toward activism, politics, and human rights. PFLAG remains the United States’ largest organization dedicated to supporting, educating, and advocating for LGBTQIA+ people and their loved ones and dates back to 1973. PFLAG has over 400 chapters across the country, each offering regular support through their national resources. Further, PFLAG also has regular virtual meetings and moderated community spaces.
All major cities have an LGBTQIA+ community center of some nature – there are rural towns as small as 15,000 where I live with local queer groups. Urban settings have multiple community centers, queer bars, and other hangouts to find support – finding them is just a matter of searching online for local listings. Trans Resources is a directory of advocacy organizations, legal resources, support and social groups, and other resources – although the site isn’t comprehensive, it lists major organizations.
Beyond support groups, transgender mentorship and letter programs exist to provide folks with an added layer of community.Point of Pride operates a letter program that sends written cards to transgender individuals in need of support, which can be sent to PO Box 7824, Newark DE 19714 where the letters will be received before being sent along. Similar programs exist like the Queer Trans Project (mailed to 3733 University Boulevard W, Suite 216, Jacksonville, Florida 32217), Black and Pink, and the Prisoner Correspondence Project – although the latter two focus on incarcerated LGBTQIA+ people rather than the general public. In contrast, mentorship programs pair individuals with an older or more experienced trans person to help answer questions while guiding you along your journey – some programs include the Sam & Devorah Foundation for Transgender Youth and the Trans Empowerment Project.
Money Matters: Financial Resources
Finances can be a genuine barrier to transgender people’s ability to live authentically as themselves. Without a stable income, it’s difficult to maintain housing or get gender-affirming clothes. Court and legal fees aren’t free – it costs money to update your identity documents to reflect who you are. And of course, you either have to have a healthcare insurance plan that covers counseling and medical bills or be forced to pay for them out-of-pocket.
Resources for employment, housing, and clothes have to be sourced locally through mutual aid networks and community organizations – although this post has some basic resources for low-income individuals.
Legal fees for identity documents can be waived if you qualify based on income.Point of Pride has a list of fee waivers by state, although you’ll want to double-check to ensure your waiver is the most up-to-date method. Most states will use your income itself or other connecting program to determine whether you are eligible – like whether you’re already on government assistance programs like SNAP or Medicaid.
Relatedly, there’s also a growing amount of organizations providing funds to help transgender people move to safer locations to live or access gender-affirming care. Some of these programs include Elevated Access, Trans Justice, TRACTION, and the Trans Continental Pipeline.
Beyond nonprofit and mutual aid funds, many transgender people fundraise to cover their transition costs – especially when their insurance refuses to cover surgery or if they have to unexpectedly move. The most commonly used platforms are GoFundMe, Donorbox, and Facebook – although all of these sites take a percentage of the money raised. GoFundMe is the largest crowdsource site, but it’s known to take the largest cut compared to alternatives. Non-personal organizations and nonprofits have a larger variety of sources out there, like Givebutter, while individuals can raise money without losing a percentage through direct money transfer apps like Cash App, Venmo, Paypal, and Zelle. Out of those options, Cash App is the most widely used underdog since they don’t require a bank account and utilize usernames on their customizable cards, and are easier to navigate with incomes revolving around sex work.
We all have to start somewhere – most people are born wanting to be kind and compassionate, but it takes work to undo the underlying negativity we’re taught. Here are some basic concepts to read about, regardless of where you are in your allyship and social justice journey. Or go directly to the end of the page to see resources.
Glossary & Definitions
Common terms that will be used in this post – and are thrown around in the social justice sphere. Not many people take the time to explain them, so here are the definitions as I will be using them.
SOCIAL JUSTICE
The belief that ALL people deserve equal economic, political, and social rights/opportunities. In an ideal world, everyone has an equal chance to be happy, healthy, and grow. However, both in current society and throughout history, there is social injustice: certain people get extra opportunities while others get less based on things outside of their control, like race, gender, class, ability, etc.
The goal of social justice is to remedy injustice, often by helping those experiencing injustice or getting rid of the causes that create injustice.
OPPRESSION VS. MARGINALIZATION
Both oppression and marginalization are big words used interchangeably in the social justice sphere. Oppression refers to the unjust or cruel use of authority and/or power whereas marginalization is the unjust treatment of a person or group based on identity.
The technical difference between the two is that oppression is carried out by the powerful (like governments) while marginalization can be done by anyone – including you and me. For more, continue reading and look for the “types of oppression” section of this article.
ALLYSHIP & ALLIES
Allyship is the practice of actively working to create social justice and end social injustice, even when particular injustices do not directly affect you. Allyship is active because it is not a fad that one does in their free time – it’s ongoing and often tiring, a commitment to calling out yourself and others when you purposely or unknowingly benefit from injustice.
There are a lot of words that people will use to get this message across – advocates, supports, allies, and so forth. The general idea is that to practice social justice and be a compassionate human, you have to commit to the practice even when it is difficult. If allyship was easy, injustice would not exist. Allies are not perfect people who will never do wrong – they’re humans who generally aim to create a better society and are willing to work to make that society a reality.
Identity Markers: Who am I?
To understand social justice and marginalization, you have to understand identity markers. Identity markers are parts of your identity or self – these markers are most commonly used to discriminate and harm people, but they also create community. They range from aspects like race and ethnicity to everyday hobbies.
Kimberlé Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality is founded on the understanding of identity markers. Race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexuality, class, first language, religion, national origin, ability, age, and body size are just a FEW identity markers.
Remember: everyone has identity markers. As an exercise, I invite you to take a moment and think about which identities matter the most to you, and which matter less. For example, everyone has a racial identity, but how important is race to you? It is more or less important than your identity related to sexuality, gender, religion, or even your hobbies? There are no right or wrong answers, but understanding identity markers is an integral starting point since the majority of people never critically think about their identities. Those identities shape how you see the world – like if you think the world is fundamentally fair or if it’s warped by greed and cruelty.
The Five Fundamentals of Social Justice
When teaching social justice, I always emphasize five fundamental principles: human rights, resources, equity, participation, and diversity. I’ll be going over all of them later, but note that all five of these fundamentals are equally important. There’s no single principle that is more important than the others. Pursuing social justice means you are actively pursuing all five of these principles – if you don’t, you’ll create injustice later on.
Let’s Begin: Human Rights
Human rights are basic fundamental rights that every single person is entitled to solely because they are a person – regardless of where they’re from, the color of their skin, sexual orientation, gender identity, wealth, past crimes, ability to speak English, or anything else.
These are rights that do not need to be earned and cannot be lost – you were born entitled to these rights. Most of the world followed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a document with 30 fundamental rights written in 1948 in response to WWII. It’s the most translated document in the world and available in over 500 different languages as well as a comic format and easy-to-understand simplified version. The UDHR isn’t comprehensive, but it outlines 30 basic principles that the majority of the world has agreed are integral to being human. Before it, the world didn’t have a consensus before the Holocaust that all people deserve a certain level of rights.
It’s also worth mentioning that the UDHR is a document through the United Nations. The UN does have power, but that power isn’t absolute since it cannot physically force countries like Russia, North Korea, or Iran to stop committing human rights violations. Instead, they offer guidance – like whether certain countries should be assisted in times of need, if trade should be barred, and they keep detailed documentation and accountability on world powers.
Making Change: Participation
In social justice, participation refers to whether everyone has access to voice their opinions/concerns AND if they can create genuine change. There are places in the world where people are denied the right to vote or be in public forums and town halls, and there are other places where their votes are meaningless and don’t create actual policy reform.
An example of the first type of participation injustice revolves around the United States territory of Puerto Rico, which is home to over three million people in the Caribbean. Like all US territories, Puerto Ricans cannot vote in presidential elections and have no federal representation in Congress – even though they’re considered United States citizens by birthright. Their tax dollars go towards federal legislation and projects, but they’ve been denied to become the 51st state despite voting in favor during referendums in 2024, 2020, 2017, and 2012. It has a similar vibe to the same reasons the United States originally went to war for its independence from the United Kingdom, but Puerto Rico’s residents are denied the ability to voice themselves.
An example of the second type of participation injustice is federal legislation passed and vetoed here in the United States. For the majority of real democracies, bills have a greater chance to become law if a greater number of voters favor that bill – and vice versa for unfavorable bills the general public dislikes. However, all bills discussed in Congress have a 30% chance of becoming law – regardless of whether Americans love or hate that bill. The average American has “a miniscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact” on laws. Instead, bills become laws in Congress based on the favorability of the United States’ upper classes – which is why even though the average American supports more accessible or universal healthcare, abortion protection, and same-sex marriage, Congress refuses to support those interests. The American public doesn’t support the idea of a national ban on TikTok, but large corporations like Meta fuel bills in Washington D.C do.
Stuff! Also known as… Resources.
Resources are the things we need to have happy, healthy lives BUT can run out because they’re finite. In my opinion, the simplest definition of resources is “stuff.” In a just society, everyone has equal resources regardless of who they are: every person has clean water, healthy food options, healthcare, housing, etc. Many countries have welfare programs and policies to disperse resources and discourage hoarding – like universal healthcare, free childcare, minimum wage, higher education, pensions, and income supplements.
In unjust societies, resources are hoarded and kept by a small number of people – often called the elite, upper class, or Top 10%. Those resources then become inaccessible to the general public, especially those in poverty. The two most common examples of resource injustice in the United States relate to housing and medicine – wealthy individuals and corporations purchase massive amounts of housing across the nation with the intent of renting out those properties or selling them at a higher price. The US doesn’t have a “housing shortage” because the houses don’t exist, the US has a shortage because houses are being hoarded by a small number of people intentionally raising prices as high as possible. On the other hand, medication can only be produced by licensed entities – and most medications in the United States are protected by corporation-owned patents. These companies have the power and authority to price medication at any price with the understanding that if a product is life-saving, then Americans will pay any price to not die.
Even though insulin costs $2-4 to produce, the average vial cost $275 in 2022 in the United States – astronomically higher than anywhere else in the world. The primary manufacturer of insulin, Eli Lilly, only lowered prices in 2024 due to public pressure and government intervention through the Inflation Reduction Act.
Equity, Not Equality
Both equality and equity are important – but the difference can be hard to grasp. We want equality, but we have to use equity to get there. Over the centuries, some groups of people have had more access to resources and freedoms than others, so they have built up wealth (aka generational wealth). To get society back on track and create a socially just world, we have to implement short-term equity to bring those without wealth to the same standard as the wealthy.
A real-world historical example of this is the wealth gap between Black and white families in the United States. As a general rule, white families have had over two hundred years to buy land, build businesses, and grow their families’ wealth – which has afforded them university degrees, political offices, and access to the stock market. I say general rule because this is a large generalization – there are millions of white Americans living in poverty, and not all white families can trace their roots to the birth of the US. On the other hand, Black families were not just kept in poverty but enslaved from birth until death – and the cycle continued with practices like predatory sharecropping that kept Black families in debt to their white landlords post-Civil War. In comparison, Black Americans have lacked the same opportunities to build their own generational wealth through buying land, creating businesses, going to university, etc.
Equality is great when talking about rights – everyone deserves the same treatment. It’s also great when we talk about the ideal society, where everyone has the same opportunities. It’s not great when talking about resources since things are already unequal due to history. In short, equality is giving all people the same exact resources and freedoms regardless of need while equity distributes resources and services based on need and circumstance. Resources are finite, so we have to ensure things go to those who need them most.
As an exercise, imagine Congress has approved a bill that aims to bring United States public schools technologically up-to-date with new Chromebooks for students to use while in class – since there’s only so much money approved by the bill, we have to decide the best way to divide up the funds and computers across the US. If we applied an equality-based outlook, every single public school in America would be given the same number of Chromebooks. The pro to this method is that it’s the fairest since it’s based on equality, but it’s not efficient at solving the problem: due to the American education system, there’s a LARGE gap in the quality and funding schools in rich suburban neighborhoods receive compared to schools in poor rural or urban neighborhoods. This method will give new computers to wealthy schools that already have resources and not enough computers to poor schools that are lacking. Yet, imagine if we went with an equitable approach and the Chromebooks were instead given to public schools based on need – wealthy schools would get significantly less due to their lack of need, while the gaps would be filled by supplying more computers to poorly funded schools. The equitable outlook has a greater positive effect and brings the education system closer to pursuing equality in the future by closing the gap.
You can apply this mentality with a lot of things – it’s how welfare is operated throughout most of the world, including the United States. S.N.A.P. (food assistance or food stamps) aren’t given to every single American – that would cost way too much money than the system can handle currently – so instead, it’s given to Americans based on income-related need. Government healthcare and Medicaid, disability and social security, Pell Grants for higher education, housing assistance programs, tax credits, and cash assistance are all operated based on equitable need.
Most people have seen the above image when beginning their journey in social justice and liberation. It takes the above theory and illustrates it nicely for viewers to interpret the difference between equality and equity. In the first panel, the reality of life is that some people hoard resources (the boxes or crates) while others are prevented by barriers (the fence). The second panel illustrates equality, where all three figures are given one crate to stand on to watch the match – but this only helps one of them, since the rightmost person is still barred. Through equity in the third panel, the crates are distributed based on need – so the tallest person stands on their own, while the shortest is given an additional crate, allowing all three of them to see the game. Finally, the fourth panel is the goal of social justice – to create a better world without injustice, where the barrier has been removed entirely.
Diversity is good, actually.
For a just society, we have to actively hear opinions from backgrounds different than our own. This includes different racial, religious, economic, sexual, and even political backgrounds. If a group of powerful people is lacking in diversity, you should ask why others are unable to participate.
Echo chambers harm everyone, and we all benefit from listening to alternative perspectives. By adding diversity, you’re able to develop and defend your own ideas. Ideas that don’t have room to be challenged are always faulty beliefs. Accidents and public scandals happen when diversity isn’t present – like when Amazon served its staff watermelon and Kool-Aid for Juneteenth or when your local store puts Chinese New Year merchandise for sale in preparation for January 1st. When power is diversified, those scandals and errors are able to be corrected before they make large-scale impact. That being said, it’s easy to ignore diversity in favor of filling positions with just anyone – and due to the history of inequality, “just anyone” tends to be cisgender, straight, white, Christian, and able-bodied in the United States.
It’s not a vacuum – social justice is connected!
Next, think about the following statement: “In 2020, 86% of CEOs in America were white cisgender straight men.” Why?
Let’s take the five principles of social justice and dissect this:
DIVERSITY. There is a lack of women, transgender people, queer people, and people of color in positions of power. Since most boards and high-level corporations are run by white cisgender straight men, they unconsciously make decisions that benefit people like them rather than others – like donating to organizations to end DEI or giving staff little maternity leave.
PARTICIPATION. As mentioned in the participation section, the wealthy have the largest effect on US laws – which includes CEOs. In comparison to the average American, CEOs get to participate in creating change more than anyone else – which influences the real laws that pass in Congress.
EQUITY. To be a CEO, you almost always have to have a high-level degree – which is something that other people don’t have equitable access to if they’re unlucky enough to be stuck in an underfunded school district without paths towards accessible higher education.
HUMAN RIGHTS. The wealthy don’t have to worry about access to basic things like healthcare, education, shelter, and food – the types of human rights that are not guaranteed in America, largely due to corporate lobbying. Rather than budget and worry about these needs, they can focus on higher education and career advancement.
RESOURCES. The university degrees and connections necessary to become a CEO require a lot of time and money – which white cisgender straight men have significantly more of on average than other groups. Time spent on studying and going to networking events doesn’t have to be spent on taking a second job to pay rent.
Allyship is not easy – but it’s a baseline skill to become a better person and a good activist. Real allyship is consistent and shouldn’t matter if anyone is watching you or if you’ll get more followers for posting your solidarity. You’re an ally because you’re a good person and want a better world, even if it might lose you followers.
Allyship requires the commitment to call injustice to attention – you have to want to change society to become better, especially when it’s inconvenient. Otherwise, your allyship is performative. The journey towards allyship is a lifelong practice accompanied by the decision to keep learning – even when you mess up. Good intentions are only valuable if they come with a willingness to accept mistakes and keep going. No one is a jerk for not knowing the latest politically correct term, especially if you’re committed to correcting yourself as needed.
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Unconscious Bias
Believe it or not, stereotypes are generalized beliefs that try to keep us safe – we make broad assumptions based on previous experiences and information. Stereotypes are useful when we assume a brightly colored frog will probably be poisonous, that green bananas are not as sweet and tasty as non-green ones, or that a growling bear might maul us. And throughout evolution and history, stereotypes informed us that we should stick to people like ourselves since other groups within the Homo genus were less likely to take care of our needs and well-being.
Stereotypes become negative and unhelpful when applied to modern humans – which is when they warp into prejudice. An English woman in the Middle Ages might have held the stereotype that French people were aggressive and dangerous, fueled by the information told to her through the countless wars between England and France – and that stereotype likely kept her family safe and away from war during her lifetime. Today, that stereotype is counterproductive in a time of intercultural dialogue and diplomacy over violence. Instead, stereotypes influence us to think worse of people based on identity markers – like being Black, Asian, Latine, Indigenous, queer, transgender, disabled, female, or poor.
Unconscious bias is another term for implicit stereotypes, beliefs we fundamentally hold in our inner psyche despite knowing better. They’re ingrained from growing up in an unjust world, and we’re gradually taught these biases through our parents, extended family, friends, schools, religious mentors, coaches, bosses, colleagues, and communities. They’re unconscious because you rarely think about them and they’re as irrational and poorly formed as most of the unconscious self. It doesn’t even matter if you’re directly affected by a certain bias or stereotype – Black Americans commonly hold anti-Black unconscious biases, even if they’re counterproductive, and the same can be said for other marginalized groups.
If you’re curious about learning more about your own unconscious biases, Project Implicit is an international collective through Harvard University that lets you test for a variety of biases for free – like homophobia, Islamophobia, ableism, racism, sexism, transphobia, ageism, etc.
Three Types of Oppression: Oh My!
Oppression, or the unjust use of power, manifests in at least one of three ways: institutionally, culturally, or individually. Like the five fundamentals of social justice, no singular type of oppression is superior – they feed into one another, and all three must be combated if you want your allyship to make real change.
Individual Oppression
If an -ism (ex. racism, ableism, heterosexism.) is on a one-on-one level, it’s likely individual oppression – this is the type of oppression and discrimination that anyone can do regardless of identity, privilege, or power. Individual oppression is defined as the personal feelings, assumptions, actions, and behaviors any one person has/does toward others.
COMMON EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL OPPRESSION:
Misgendering and/or deadnaming
Telling a sexist joke
Calling someone a slur or otherwise derogatory term
Crossing the street to avoid being near a person of color
Physically harming another person
Real-World Example of Individual Oppression While walking home with their groceries, queer couple Destiny and Addison are holding hands in public. A furious man storms up to them, calls them d*kes, and shoves them to the ground before he’s pulled away by bystanders.
The above example checks all the boxes for individual oppression – it’s a very localized example of one person acting out towards two other individuals based on his personal prejudices – and he doesn’t appear to have any remarkable power or authority.
Institutional Oppression
Also known as systemic oppression, institutional oppression is the type of cruelty most people envision when they discuss the injustices of the world. Institutional oppression is the laws, policies, and practices placed upon us by “institutions,” or groups, organizations, or people with immense power.
“Groups, organizations, and people with immense power” is vague – but it purposely includes a lot of people. Institutional oppression is carried out by political figures like members of Congress and the Supreme Court, but also local school boards, lobbying groups, and corporations. On the world stage, institutional oppression is a president or high-level official making cruel decisions on a whim – but systemic oppression looks different on the local level. In our everyday lives and communities, institutional oppression often masks itself in bureaucracy and red tape – but it’s easier to spot once you start asking why such barriers exist.
COMMON EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTIONAL OPPRESSION:
Laws prohibiting abortion or same-sex marriage
Businesses refusing to interview or hire Black names
Insurance companies requiring certain high-level diagnoses for hormone replacement therapy
Banks that refuse to give loans or mortgages to low-income households
Glass ceilings where minorities are barred from promotion
Real-World Example of Institutional Oppression Corporation™ makes an official policy that all transgender staff must use the restroom as their sex assigned at birth rather than the one that matches their gender identity while working.
This example could apply to a mega-business like Walmart or Amazon as well as a local store with only three employees – this is a classic example of institutional oppression because it’s a cruel policy being enforced by an entity with authority, such as a boss, business, board director, or corporation. Institutional oppression can be carried out by individual people, but it’s defined by the level of power someone has based on circumstance.
Cultural Oppression
Out of the three types of oppression, cultural oppression is the most difficult to grasp. It’s also referred to as structural oppression, and cultural oppression is the many -isms that influence our biases. Cultural oppression is the collection of beliefs from society about certain identities, such as people of color or LGBTQIA+ people. Most people are unable to directly contribute to cultural oppression – to do so, you have to have a good amount of power within public perception. Due to that, celebrities and the media have the most sway here – but it also includes religion and the stereotypes we hear from our families and communities growing up. Notice that cultural oppression tends to be in the middle compared to individual and institutional oppression: these figures have remarkably less power in creating laws, but they have power in influencing the way we think and feel.
COMMON EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL OPPRESSION:
Gender roles that expect women to take family-centric roles and wear makeup
Stereotypes that argue white neighborhoods are inherently safer than Black neighborhoods
Movies that contain problematic themes, like blackface or vilify transgender people
Real-World Example of Cultural Oppression The latest AAA video game makes record sales but contains anti-LGBTQIA+ themes where transgender people are shamed during a major quest line.
Both the video game itself and those who wrote and created the game are at fault for cultural oppression in this example. Its developers refused to alter the game’s transphobic themes – and each player that encounters the game will learn anti-LGBTQIA+ stereotypes from it, especially if they lack media literacy or critical thinking.
The Monster Known as Oppression
The most daunting aspect of social justice and learning about oppression is understanding how these three types of oppression feed themselves – it’s a cycle that benefits those in power to cause more cruelty. Religion uses cultural oppression to teach individuals in the public to demonize LGBTQIA+ people, whereas politicians are taught to cast out queer and trans people through cruel laws. Those laws and stereotypes teach everyday people that LGBTQIA+ people deserve this cruelty and discourage them from taking action. Or that as society teaches that whiteness is better than Blackness through racist biases, a popular online artist creates content that features whitewashing. As that content gets likes and shares, it influences individuals with racist undertones – and those individuals make up the stereotypes society has about Blackness.
“Every time a finger gets pointed at a person – whether they’re a Fortune 500 CEO or a high school student – we’re focusing on an -ist… Every campaign to “cancel” an -ist – whether successful or not – isn’t the same as addressing the system. It brings our attention away from the system and toward an individual within it.”
– “-isms, not -ists,” by It’s Pronounced Metrosexual/Sam Killermann
What is Privilege?
Privilege is the result of society and institutions valuing certain bodies over others, giving them unearned advantages based on identity. Since privilege is based on identity, it’s entirely outside of your control – no one gets to choose being born Black, able-bodied, cisgender, or queer. By that logic, no one can be an inherently bad person because of privilege.
Privilege is defined by “unearned advantages” – having a certain privilege does not mean you’ve never had to struggle. Most people have struggles in their lives, and everyone has at least one or two privileges and non-privilege. Instead, privilege is the fact you have not been weighed down by additional baggage tied to one identity. The purpose of allyship is to use privilege when appropriate to call out injustice – no one wants to make people feel bad for existing. Social justice exists to create equal opportunities for everyone, not enforce white guilt.
“We highlight how systems inequitably distribute power to some while withholding it from others – based on who we are. We refer to people who are granted disproportionate power as ‘privileged,’ ‘majoritized,’ ‘centered,’ etc. And those from whom power is withheld as ‘oppressed,’ ‘minoritized,’ ‘marginalized,’ ect. Now, nobody is only one of those two. We’re both, depending on which situation we’re in, and what dimensions of ourselves are brought to the forefront.”
The graphic is a great visual to frame privilege since it places various identities on a spectrum of power. With every identity that exists in the world, there’s one that is valued as superior and one that is seen as inferior. Consider your fluency in English – as one of the most dominant languages in the world, being a native speaker gives you unearned advantages in the English-speaking world. Non-native English speakers have relative privilege – they had the opportunity to learn English, setting them above non-speakers but under native English speakers. Individuals who don’t speak fluent English are the most marginalized and have difficulty navigating an English-dominant world like the United States.
Remember privilege is based on identity – someone might be marginalized because they’re Black, but privileged because they hold US citizenship by birth and identify as straight. There’s privilege based on disability, wealth, housing status, body size, sexual orientation, gender identity, language, citizenship, education level, race, ethnicity, religion, etc. If you’re still having difficulty understanding privilege, this comic does a great job illustrating it.
The Theory of Intersectionality
Make sure you thoroughly understand identity markers before tackling intersectionality – it’s easy to get lost. When people traditionally talk about oppression, they do so in vacuums – like -isms happen separately from one another and aren’t connected. Intersectionality is the belief that oppressions are all connected and people can have very different experiences based on how their personal identities intersect. The word “intersectionality” comes from the idea of a traffic intersection as a metaphor for oppression.
Our lives are shaped by our identities and relationships, which combine to create a very individual experience of the world, oppression, and privilege. Out of the 108 billion humans that have ever existed, there has likely never been a person exactly like you with the same combination. The following video is Kimberlé Crenshaw’s “The Urgency of Intersectionality,” which launched the theory of intersectionality out of academia and into the public consciousness.
Crenshaw uses the experiences of Black women in America to explain intersectionality – Emma DeGraffenreid was a real Black woman who was denied employment solely because she was a Black woman, but without intersectionality, she had no way to defend that claim.
DeGraffenreid attempted to work at General Motors, which did hire both Black and white workers – so DeGraffenreid wasn’t able to claim the discrimination was fueled only by racism. And General Motors hired women, so she wasn’t able to argue their decision was out of sexism. In reality, General Motors was using a combination of both racism and sexism simultaneously: the only Black workers hired by General Motors were men used for industrial and maintenance jobs, and the only women hired were white and worked secretarial and front-office jobs. It’s only when both of those facts are combined that you understand the lens of intersectionality – how the combination of one’s identities creates nuanced and individual experiences of oppression.
This theory can be applied across all identity markers and oppressions. Visualize three people in your head: one queer but financially well-off man named James, one straight but poor man named Devon, and one queer and poor man named Julio. Using intersectionality to just evaluate their experiences across classism and heterosexism, you can see the different struggles James, Devon, and Julio have. Devon might be lower class, but he isn’t targeted for his sexual orientation; James might be gay but he has plenty of money and resources. At the intersection of classism and heterosexism, Julio is affected by both being queer and poor – he’s less likely to get jobs, be approved by welfare programs, or even be accepted into housing due to his sexuality and wealth status. He likely has a greater barrier to HIV prevention and treatment and he’s unable to file lawsuits if he’s treated poorly.
Additionally, intersectionality also believes all oppressions are connected. Fascism doesn’t happen in a vacuum – there’s a reason why racists are almost always sexists and homophobes. Oppression exists to benefit those in power, whether it’s directly creating profit or simply maintaining the societal system that keeps people from rising up against them. The systems that spread sexism use the same formula as the systems that spread transphobia. Due to this, allyship and activism require us to be committed to combating ALL oppressions – not just the ones that directly impact you. It’s impossible to fully get rid of sexism if you align yourself with transphobia, especially since so much of the ideology underneath transphobia is inherently sexist. You won’t be able to eliminate racism from society without also coming to terms with queer rights and income inequality. At the end of the day, remember: Nazis want to get rid of everyone, it’s just a matter of when.
Allyship Resources
GENERAL ALLYSHIP Creative Equity Toolkit @ creativeequitytoolkit.org / Dozens of toolkits and self-guided lesson plans to teach yourself about allyship, equity, diversity, and inclusion – all provided for free through Diversity Arts Australia and The British Council. GLSEN @ glsen.org / LGBTQIA+ organization that centers on the rights of queer youth and GSAs (Gay-Straight or Gender-Sexuality Alliances) – one of their regular national events is Ally/Solidarity Week, which includes a ton of information aimed to teach others about social justice. Guide to Allyship @ guidetoallyship.com / A fantastic open-source starter that introduces you to many of the fundamentals of allyship, similar to this guide at the Trans Solidarity Project. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / One of the largest LGBTQIA+ organizations in the world, dating back to 1980. They constantly produce resources and info guides, which cover topics like general allyship to trans issues. It’s Pronounced Metrosexual @ itspronouncedmetrosexual.com / Free online resource hub meant to make all things social justice, gender, and sexuality-related easy to understand. Learning For Justice @ learningforjustice.org / Education space that works through the Southern Poverty Law Center to teach people through their online resources and pivot them towards building an inclusive, multiracial democracy for all of our futures. Movement Advancement Project @ lgbtmap.org / Nonprofit think tank that regularly creates infographics and resources on LGBTQIA+ rights and other social justice issues. Out & Equal @ outandequal.org / LGBTQIA+ organization that largely interacts with high-level businesses and corporations – that also creates toolkits, resources, and guides (most of which are free). PFLAG @ pflag.org / One of the United States’ biggest ally organizations, which provides support, educational material, and advocacy for both LGBTQIA+ people and those who love them. Social Justice Books @ socialjusticebooks.org / Literature resource that gives great recommendations for social justice and allyship-themed books. Straight for Equality @ straightforequality.org / A program operated by PFLAG that serves as a national outreach and education hub for anyone interested in learning more about LGBTQIA+ allyship. The Safe Zone Project @ thesafezoneproject.com / Another free online resource that includes introductory curricula, activities, and other resources for all. Co-written by the same author as It’s Pronounced Metrosexual. The Trevor Project @ thetrevorproject.org / A crisis and suicide prevention organization for LGBTQIA+ youth that also creates free guides and resources on allyship.
BISEXUAL+ ALLYSHIP American Institute of Bisexuality @ bisexuality.org / Operates a wealth of programs meant to educate both the general public as well as civic and professional organizations on bisexuality. Bi Foundation @ bi.org / Private foundation through the American Institute of Bisexuality that promotes understanding of bisexual+ topics, offering a large selection of articles and resources to choose from. Bi History @ bihistory.wordpress.com / Just like the rest of the LGBTQIA+ community, bisexuality dates back as far back as humanity – and Bi History is a great place to start learning about queer history. Bi Resource Center @ biresource.org / Organization that seeks to connect the bisexual+ community around the globe, and also provides plenty of resources in their info section. Bisexual Organizing Project @ bisexualorganizingproject.org / Resources offered by BOP, a group committed to building organizing skills among the bi+ community. Bi Survivors Network @ bisurvivorsnetwork.org / Regular chats and support provided by bi+ survivors for bi+ survivors. History of Pansexuality @ historyofpansexuality.carrd.co / Facts and information to learn if you’re interested in the long history behind pansexuality. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / HRC also provides resources and information specific to the bi+ community via their website. Queer Majority @ queermajority.com / Worldwide magazine that produces information, guidance, and critique on queerness. Still Bisexual @ stillbi.org / Advocacy organization that uses education and storytelling to foster public acceptance of bisexual+ identities. Teen Vogue @ teenvogue.com / The Trevor Project @ thetrevorproject.org / In addition to general allyship guides, The Trevor Project also has information centered on bisexuality – which explains the details of queerness, bisexuality, pansexuality, and similar identities along the spectrum. Unicorn @ unicornzine.com / LGBTQIA+ magazine that focuses on bisexual+ stories and information.
TRANSGENDER ALLYSHIP Advocates for Trans Equality @ transequality.org / Legal rights organization formerly known as the National Center for Transgender Equality and Transgender Legal Defense and Education Fund. Provides a variety of legal-based resources and information about trans identities. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / Additional resources and guidance by HRC about transgender allyship. It’s Pronounced Metrosexual @ itspronouncedmetrosexual.com / Free online resource hub, most of which covers gender-related allyship. Neopronouns @ neopronounss.carrd.co / General starting point for both common pronouns and less common neopronouns. PFLAG @ pflag.org / Educational materials, resources, and support on transgender and nonbinary issues through one of the largest allyship organizations in the United States. Pronouns @ pronouns.org / Practical resource on the basics of pronouns and how they’re used. Terrence Higgins Trust @ tht.org.uk / Health organization based in the United Kingdom that offers free sources and education on trans-related issues. The Proud Trust @ theproudtrust.org / LGBTQIA+ youth charity with free information for both adults and young people. The Trevor Project @ thetrevorproject.org / Resource hub on transgender identities, pronouns, and everything else related to supporting trans people. Trans Lifeline @ translifeline.org / Crisis hotline for transgender individuals that also provides trans-specific resources. Trans Student Educational Resources @ transstudent.org / Allyship and resource website with information on gender, pronouns, and basic trans allyship. Trans What? @ transwhat.org / Starter guide that explains the basics of trans identity to those completely new to the field.
INTERSEX ALLYSHIP 4Intersex @ 4intersex.org / Learn the basics of intersex allyship and human rights through #4Intersex, a project of interACT Advocates. A Gender Agenda @ genderrights.org.au / Australian organization that provides free resources online in addition to supporting intersex, transgender, and nonbinary individuals in Australia. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / Curated information and intersex resources by HRC, one of the largest LGBTQIA+ organizations in the world. interACT @ interactadvocates.org / Social justice group that empowers intersex youth through advocacy, public engagement, and community connection – interACT also offers a large selection of intersex resources and guides. Intersex Campaign for Equality @ intersexequality.com / Originally known as the United States branch of Organisation Intersex International, IC4E has grown to lead the fight for intersex human rights and creates educational materials for those interested in supporting intersex identities. Intersex Day Project @ intersexday.org / While the Intersex Day Project largely focuses on International Intersex Awareness Day and Intersex Day of Solidarity, IDP offers additional advice and references on intersex issues. Intersex Human Rights Australia @ ihra.org.au / National body in Australia that represents the needs of the intersex community, providing resources on allyship and bodily integrity. Intersex Initiative @ intersexinitiative.org / US-based organization that hosts a wide selection of basic intersex resources. Intersex Justice Project @ intersexjusticeproject.org / POC-led group that organizes resources for intersex-related protesting and justice. The Intersex Roadshow @ intersexroadshow.blogspot.com / Personal blog that details the real-life experiences of intersex writer Dr. Cary Gabriel Costello, offering advice and guidance on intersex allyship.
ASEXUALITY ALLYSHIP Aromantic-Spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy @ aromanticism.org / Community and advocacy organization with a collection of resources about aromanticism. Asexuality Archive @ asexualityarchive.com / A collection of information and articles related to asexuality. Asexuality Visibility and Education Network @ asexuality.org / The world’s largest asexual community, which maintains a massive resource library on the asexuality spectrum. Demisexual Resource Center @ demisexuality.org / Informative website that covers demisexual questions and advice. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / HRC’s introductory to asexual allyship, as well as graysexuality and demisexuality. The Ace and Aro Advocacy Project @ taaap.org / Asexual and aromantic resource-based organization that provides asexuality individuals with support in every aspect of life. The Asexuality Handbook @ asexuality-handbook.com / Free guide that explains the basics of asexuality for beginners, meant to be understandable, deep, and well-referenced. Free guide that explains the basics of asexuality for beginners, meant to be understandable, deep, and well-referenced.
QUEER PEOPLE OF COLOR ALLYSHIP African American Chronicles @ blackhistory.psu.edu / Collection of Black history and stories meant to fill the gaps in traditional education and allyship. Anti-Oppression Network @ theantioppressionnetwork.com / Online collection of resources to support grassroots allyship and activism for Indigenous Americans. Black Queer & Intersectional Collective @ bqic.net / Grassroots community organization that facilitates resources and zines for QTPOC allyship. Healthy Native Youth @ healthynativeyouth.org / Native-centered health and resources materials offered for free through their toolbox. Human Rights Campaign (HRC) @ hrc.org / Directory on several resource hubs through HRC about best practices on supporting communities of color. National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance @ nqapia.org / LGBTQIA+ AAPI organization that works to develop resources to support and represent queer Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Native Appropriations @ nativeappropriations.com / Virtual forum that discusses Indigenous representations, stereotypes, cultural appropriations, news, and activism. Reclaiming Native Truth @ rnt.firstnations.org / National project to foster cultural, social, and policy change that empowers Native Americans. The Guide to Allyship @ guidetoallyship.com / A fantastic open-source starter that introduces you to many of the fundamentals of allyship, similar to this guide at the Trans Solidarity Project. Most of the topics listed within the guide are geared with Black allyship in mind. This is Indian Country @ thisisindiancountry.com / Movement organized by the American Indian College Fund to raise awareness about Indigenous lives and history. White Supremacy Culture @ whitesupremacyculture.info / Online and most current version of the original “White Supremacy Culture” from 1999, alongside resources and additional learning tools to continue your allyship.
More than one million people in the United States have HIV, and thousands will die from AIDS-related complications this year alone. Read on relevant hotlines and the resource directory here.
HIV MYTHBUSTING
Myth #1: Only gay men can get HIV.
Although men who have sex with men have historically had higher infection rates, anyone can become infected with HIV – in fact, a growing number of new cases in the United States are heterosexual.
Myth #2: I’d know if I had HIV.
Most people with HIV don’t experience major symptoms, and you can’t tell someone has HIV just by the way they look. 1 in 7 people with HIV don’t even know – which is why it’s important to get tested regularly, especially if you engage with higher risk behaviors like being sexually active or using injectable drugs.
Myth #3: HIV will kill you.
As long as you take your prescribed medication, people with HIV can (and do) live long, healthy lives just like everyone else. HIV only becomes deadly when left undiagnosed and/or untreated.
Myth #4: It’s OK to have unprotected sex if both partners have HIV.
Unprotected sex is still risky, even if all partners involved have HIV. This is because you can still get other STDs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis – and even other strains of HIV.
Myth #5: Birth control prevents HIV.
Condoms and medications like PEP and PrEP are the only way to prevent HIV – birth control methods like the pill, IUDs, and implants do NOT prevent HIV or other STDs.
Myth #6: PrEP, PEP, and other medications are too expensive for me.
Many US states and Canadian provinces cover PEP and PrEP for free or have assistance programs to make them free/affordable. Check your region’s laws for detailed information or visit PrEPMAP.
What’s the difference between HIV and AIDS?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final and most severe stage of HIV if unmanaged, which occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. In the United States, most people with HIV do NOT develop AIDS because taking HIV medicine as prescribed stops the progression of the disease.
How is HIV transmitted?
You can only get HIV by coming into contact with certain bodily fluids from a person with HIV who has a detectable viral load. These fluids are blood, semen (also known as cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
“Viral load” refers to the amount of HIV someone has, essentially. A detectable viral load means they have more than 200 copies of the human immunodeficiency virus per milliliter of blood, which means they will show up on an HIV test and can transmit HIV to others.
In contrast, an undetectable viral load is when someone has fewer than 200 copies per milliliter – and people with an undetectable viral load have a “zero risk,” “effectively no risk,” or “one percent or less” chance of transmitting HIV to other people even without regular precautions like condoms, PEP, or PrEP. You achieve an undetectable viral load by taking your prescribed antiretroviral therapy medication regularly.
HIV can not be spread by kisses, hugs, or sharing food. Some behaviors that put you at a higher risk of getting HIV include anal and vaginal sex and sharing needles, while things like kissing and oral sex have a statistically nonsignificant chance of transmitting the virus.
The only way HIV is transmitted from open-mouth kissing or biting is if both partners have broken skin since HIV is a bloodborne pathogen – which is why it’s extremely rare and considered little/no risk by the CDC. Lastly, while having other STD/STIs or alcohol/drug use doesn’t necessarily increase the risk of getting HIV, they’re risky behaviors that generally correlate with increased HIV transmission.
via US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use the HIV Risk Reduction Tool to learn about your risk for HIV based on behaviors and practices.
Can I prevent HIV?
Yes! There are more tools than ever to prevent HIV. By learning methods to prevent HIV transmission, you’re taking the first step to helping end the HIV epidemic. Some methods to prevent HIV transmission include taking PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) or PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), limiting needle and drug equipment sharing, getting regularly tested, etc. For US readers, visit HIV.gov for official HIV-related care and prevention providers.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, aka PEP, is an anti-HIV drug that is started within 72 hours after possible exposure to HIV. It’s used in emergencies, like having a condom break during sex or sexual assault. PEP is taken for 28 days, and followed up with additional testing and labs for 3 months – and it’s more effective the sooner it’s taken after possible infection. In comparison to PrEP, PEP is like a “Plan B” for HIV meant for emergencies.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is an anti-HIV prevention drug that becomes effective after seven days of use. Unlike PEP, PrEP is best for individuals who have regular HIV risk, like people who have casual hookups, share needles, or don’t consistently use condoms. When taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by 99% and reduces the risk of getting HIV from sharing needles by 74%. As a metaphor, PrEP is similar to birth control and prevents HIV long-term like how the birth control pill prevents pregnancy. US readers can use the PrEP Locator to find PrEP providers nationwide, and NASTAD has information about whether non-providers (like pharmacies) can prescribe PrEP based on state or territory.
Who is at risk for HIV?
Anyone can get HIV since HIV can affect anyone regardless of sexual orientation, gender, race, ethnicity, age, or where they live. However, certain groups of people in the United States are more likely to get HIV than others because of particular factors.
According to the CDC…
The majority of new HIV diagnoses occur in the US South, in comparison to other regions like the Midwest, Northeast, West, etc. Nearly half of all new cases in the United States come from the South, while the Midwest and Northeast have the lowest rate of new diagnoses.
Men who have sex with men (MSM, queer men, bi+ men, and so on) account for 67% of new cases. 22% of cases happen from straight or heterosexual sex today.
7% of new HIV diagnoses come from people who inject drugs and share needles.
HIV disproportionately affects communities of color, too – 37% of new diagnoses are Black and 33% are Latine.
Most new HIV cases come from people between the ages of 25 to 34, and the second highest age group was those 24 and under – who made up 20% of new diagnoses in 2022.
How can I tell if I have HIV?
The only way to know for sure that you have HIV is to get tested. Despite what some may think, you can’t “tell” if someone has HIV just by looking at them and most people with HIV don’t experience major symptoms. 1 in 7 people with HIV don’t even know they have it – which is why testing is so important. While it may be scary to get tested for HIV, HIV is not a death sentence – people living with HIV can have long, healthy lives just like people without HIV as long as they get connected with the tools and medications needed to keep their HIV managed. For US readers, visit HIV.gov for official HIV-related care and prevention providers.
The history of HIV/AIDS, via UNAIDS 2021.
How do I get tested for HIV?
Getting tested for HIV is just as important as getting a regular check-up – people can only start HIV treatment if they know they are living with the virus. The earlier someone is properly diagnosed with HIV, the earlier they can begin life-saving treatment to manage their HIV. People can (and do) live long and healthy lives with early HIV detection.
Remember: the only way to know for sure that you have HIV is to get tested. A substantial amount of people with HIV report having no symptoms – especially since the majority of symptoms early on in HIV infection are similar to the common flu. The CDC recommends everyone should be tested for HIV at least once in their lives, while individuals with additional risk factors (ex. queer or bi+ men, sex workers, people who share needles) should get tested at least once a year. Most people aren’t recommended to get tested every three to six months unless they’re at extreme risk for HIV. Getting tested is important in ending the spread of HIV, keeping people living with HIV safe and healthy, and protecting those you love from contracting HIV.
There are three types of HIV tests, which use either blood, oral fluid/saliva, or urine. HIV tests look for antibodies and antigens that your body will only produce if you have the human immunodeficiency virus – but it takes time for bodies to begin developing the antibodies and antigens after being infected, which is why there’s a window period between contracting HIV and when it’ll show up on tests. Some tests have smaller windows than others. The three types of HIV tests are…
ANTIBODY TESTS, which only check for HIV antibodies in your blood or oral/saliva sample. The majority of rapid HIV tests are antibody tests, as well as the only version of HIV self-tests approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. As a general rule, antibody tests that use blood from a vein have a smaller detection window than those that use saliva or blood from a finger stick.
ANTIGEN/ANTIBODY TESTS, which looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens in the blood. Antigens are a protein of the virus and show up much faster than antibodies, and antigen/antibody tests are the most common type of HIV test done in US labs.
NUCLEIC ACID TESTS, also known as NATs or viral load tests, detect the amount of HIV present in someone’s blood – which is useful for monitoring the virus. NATs can detect HIV as soon as 10 to 33 days after infection, but they’re more expensive than antibody tests or antigen/antibody tests – so they’re used for monitoring HIV treatment more than they’re used for general testing and screening.
HIV tests are widely available, and it’s your choice whether you’d prefer to go directly to your normal doctor or healthcare provider – or if you’d rather get tested at a hospital, medical clinic, substance use program, or community health center. Visit gettested.cdc.gov to find an HIV testing site near you. And if going IRL isn’t your style, there are also approved HIV tests you can do on your own at home or mail-in. Rapid self-tests give your full results in roughly 20 minutes, while mail-in self-tests are later mailed to a healthcare provider for greater accuracy. Together TakeMeHome is a program under the CDC to provide free rapid self-tests to anyone at least 17 years old in the United States.
WHAT HAPPENS IF I TEST POSITIVE? Your at-home or rapid self-test is positive if you have two complete lines – one next to the “C” and another (even a faint line) next to the “T.” The presence of two lines means you may have HIV, and there are a lot of next steps – but first, take a deep breath and remember: you are not alone; medical treatments are available to help people live long, healthy lives; and having HIV does not mean that you have or will get AIDS. Learning that you may have HIV can be distressing, which is why OraQuick has a toll-free support line at 866-436-6527.
A clinic or healthcare provider will have to confirm your results, so you should visit a healthcare professional as soon as possible. If your results are confirmed, you’ll be give resources and information about HIV medication, treatment, and management, as well as counseling, case management, and connections to HIV support organizations and tools. Healthcare workers are duty-bound to keep all your medical information confidential unless you give them explicit permission to share it – so no one (including your family or workplace) needs to know about your test or your test results.
WHAT HAPPENS IF I TEST NEGATIVE? Your at-home or rapid self-test is negative if you have one complete line – right next to the “C.” To be negative, there should be no line (however faint) next to the “T.” If your result is negative and it’s been at least three months since your possible HIV exposure, you likely do not have HIV. Continue to maintain healthy and safe sexual habits like condoms and PrEP, and get tested as needed.
Remember that a negative at-home or self-test does not mean that you are not infected with HIV. Due to the window of time that it takes for HIV tests to detect HIV via antibodies and antigens, it’s possible to get a false negative HIV test.
What are my rights regarding HIV?
Rights for individuals living with HIV vary drastically depending on where you live in the world. Due to stigma, people with HIV are discriminated against at work, at home, and at the doctor’s office – knowing your rights is the first step in defending them.
In the United States, all individuals with HIV are protected by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which is enforced by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Office for Civil Rights. These laws prohibit any anti-HIV discrimination by healthcare and human services agencies that receive federal funding, as well as any discrimination by state or local governments – including services, activities, or programs provided by state or local governments. Anyone can file a report with the Office for Civil Rights online or by mail.
While many US states and territories require you to disclose your HIV status, you’re only required to disclose it to certain people. At the time of this article, thirteen states require you to disclose your status to potential sexual partners, while four require disclosure to anyone you share a needle with. Depending on the state, failure to disclose status can lead to life in prison. You do not have to disclose to anyone else – including your family or friends. While most American employers have the right to ask about your health in certain fields, you don’t have to disclose to your workplace in most cases. The Americans with Disabilities Act protects you from anti-HIV discrimination – which means hiring managers can’t ask you about your health and companies have to make reasonable adjustments as needed.
The Fair Housing Act makes anti-HIV discrimination in US renting and housing entirely illegal. No one can be legally denied housing, harassed, or evicted due to HIV status.
Also at the time of this article, people living with HIV cannot be denied healthcare in the United States. Healthcare insurance must cover pre-existing conditions like HIV and cannot cancel your policy because of a new diagnosis. The Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare) prohibits such discrimination within healthcare, and HIV medications, lab tests, and counseling have to be covered.
HIV-Related Care Hotlines
GLOBAL 🇺🇳 AIDS Healthcare Foundation @ aidshealth.org / 323-860-5200 / International nonprofit based in Los Angeles that operates a network of HIV services in over 40 countries across Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Europe. 🇺🇳 International Planned Parenthood Federation @ ippf.org / 202-987-9364 / Global healthcare provider that has been a leader in sexual and reproductive health for all since 1952. 🇺🇳 UNAIDS @ unaids.org / 41-22-595-59-92 / International agency that seeks to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 and has operated since 1996 to assist the United Nations in combating HIV and AIDS.
NORTH AMERICA 🇨🇦 Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange @ catie.ca/ 416-203-7122 / The primary national information and resource center on HIV, Hepatitis C, and substance misuse in Canada. 🇺🇸 CDC-INFO @ cdc.gov / 800-232-4626 / Live support to help Americans find the latest and reliable science-based health information, including CDC guidance and resources. 🇨🇦 HIV and Sexual Health Infoline Canada @ sexualhealthontario.ca / 800-668-2437 / Free anonymous telephone and instant message service available in English and French on sexual health topics. Advice and counseling can be available for any Canadian resident, although services are specified for Ontario. 🇺🇸 HIV/AIDS/Hepatitis C Nightline / 800-273-2437 / US hotline providing support for people living with HIV or Hepatitis C as well as their caregivers. 🇺🇸 HIV Management Warmline / 800-933-3413 / Non-emergency telephone service for questions about HIV, antiretroviral therapy, HIV clinical trials, and laboratory evaluation in the United States. 🇺🇸 LGBT National Help Center @ lgbthotline.org / 888-843-4564 /Free and confidential peer-support, information, and local resources where volunteers help connect you to other groups and services in the US. Also maintains a coming out hotline, youth talkline, and senior hotline. 🇺🇸 National AIDS Hotline / 800-243-2437 / Federal hotline to refer the general American public to relevant state and local resources. 🇺🇸 National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project @ natap.org / 212-219-0106 / Nonprofit corporations in the United States that educates individuals on HIV treatments on the local, national, and international level. 🇺🇸 National Clinician Consultation Center @ nccc.ucsf.edu / 833-622-2463 / Teleconsultation resource that educates US healthcare providers with information and answers on HIV and Hepatitis C. 🇺🇸 NIH Office of AIDS Research @ hivinfo.nih.gov / 800-448-0440 / Confidential answers to questions on HIV/AIDS clinical trials and treatment in the United States. 🇺🇸 PEPline / 888-448-4911 / Hotline for individuals interested in information about PEP, especially those who have been possibly exposed to HIV while on the job in the United States. 🇺🇸 Perinatal HIV Hotline / 888-448-8765 / Resource hotline available 24/7 in the United States for pregnant people living with HIV to find answers and tools. 🇺🇸 PrEPline / 855-448-7737 / Hotline about how to start, continue, or manage use of PrEP for HIV within the US. 🇺🇸 SAGE x HearMe @ sageusa.org / The United States’ largest and oldest organization dedicated to improving the lives of LGBTQIA+ older people. SAGE now offers supportive services and resources through the SAGE x HearMe app, formerly known as the SAGE LGBTQ Elder Hotline. 🇺🇸 The Trevor Project @ thetrevorproject.org / 866-488-7386 / The leading suicide prevention and crisis intervention organization centered on LGBTQIA+ young people in the United States. Offers 24/7/365 information and support to those ages 13 to 24 with trained counselors via call, text, or instant message. 🇺🇳 Trans Lifeline @ translifeline.org / 877-565-8860 / Transgender-centered crisis organization that does not use involuntary intervention/forced hospitalization to provide support to transgender people through fully anonymous and confidential calls within the United States and Canada.
LATIN AMERICA 🇯🇲 National HIV/STI Helpline @ hstu.moh.gov.jm / 876-536-9141 / Program under the Ministry of Health and government of Jamaica to implement and support HIV/AIDS response in the nation.
EUROPE 🇩🇪 AIDS-Hilfe Helpline @ aidshilfe.de / 0180-33-19411 / Telephone counseling provided via the telephone that answer provides information in Germany on HIV/AIDS. 🇷🇺 HIV Hotline @ стопвичспид.рф/ 8-800-555-49-43 / Hotline operated in conjunction with Russia’s STOP HIV/AIDS campaign to answer questions about HIV. 🇫🇷 Sida Info Service @ sida-info-service.org / 0-800-840-800 / Free confidential telephone service for anyone in mainland France or in affiliated overseas departments to get information regarding HIV. Callers from outside France should dial 00-31-1-41-83-42-77. 🇬🇧 Terrence Higgins Trust @ tht.org.uk / 0808-802-1221 / Telephone and live chat service for individuals residing in the United Kingdom seeking support and information about HIV.
ASIA 🇭🇰 AIDS Hotline / 852-2780-2211 / Counseling staffed by trained nurses for information about HIV and testing in Hong Kong. 🇮🇱 AIDS Task Force @ aidsisrael.org.il / 03-5619900 / Telephone and WhatsApp service for individuals in Israel seeking support and resources about HIV and AIDS. 🇭🇰 Gay Men HIV Testing Hotline / 852-21171069 / Free anonymous and confidential HIV testing service provided in Hong Kong by appointment and telephone. 🇷🇺 HIV Hotline @ стопвичспид.рф/ 8-800-555-49-43 / Hotline operated in conjunction with Russia’s STOP HIV/AIDS campaign to answer questions about HIV. 🇮🇳 National AIDS Control Organization Helpline @ naco.gov.in / 1097 / National Indian helpline that provides counseling and awareness on HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and education. 🇵🇭 National HIV and AIDS Hotline @ pnac.doh.gov.ph / 02-8651-7800 / National telephone support line for HIV and AIDS information in the Philippines, provided by the Department of Health and Philippine National AIDS Council. 🇹🇷 Positive Living Association @ pozitifyasam.org / 0216-418-10-61 / Support line in Türkiye to make up-to-date information about HIV accessible and connect people with relevant testing and prevention services.
AFRICA 🇳🇬 AIDS Helpline / 234-01-772-2200 / Toll-free hotline system for accurate and up-to-date information about HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. 🇺🇬 AIDS Information Centre @ aicug.org/ 256-39-3101893 / Healthcare network that leads HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and counseling throughout Uganda. 🇿🇦 National AIDS Helpline @ lifelinesa.co.za / 0800-012-322 / Emotional support counseling for HIV/AIDS in South Africa. 🇰🇪 National HIV and AIDS Helpline @ nhcsc.nascop.org / 0726-460-000 / Hotline operated by the National HIV Clinical Support Center to advise individuals in Kenya about HIV/AIDS.
OCEANIA 🇳🇿 Burnett Foundation @ burnettfoundation.org.nz / Free and confidential counseling for people living or affected by HIV in New Zealand, available by appointment. 🇦🇺 National HIV/AIDS Information Line / 1800-451-624 / Advice line that connects individuals to qualified sexual health nurses in Australia for confidential information about HIV, operated by the Sexual Health Info Link.
HIV & AIDS Resources
GLOBAL 🇺🇳 Global Network of People Living with HIV @ gnpplus.net / Network operated by people living with HIV for people living with HIV, regardless of geographic location. 🇺🇳 International AIDS Society @ iasociety.org / Research-based organization that develops holistic approaches to HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention. 🇺🇳 International Planned Parenthood Federation @ ippf.org/ Global healthcare provider that has been a leader in sexual and reproductive health for all since 1952. 🇺🇳 The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria @ theglobalfund.org / Worldwide partnership to combat HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria and create healthy, safe, and equitable communities. 🇺🇳 UNAIDS @ unaids.org / International agency that seeks to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 and has operated since 1996 to assist the United Nations in combating HIV and AIDS.
NORTH AMERICA 🇺🇸 AIDS Drug Assistance Program@ adap.directory / Patient-centric project that provides HIV-related services and prescription medication to hundreds of thousands of people in the United States by linking individuals with their local state or territory agency. 🇺🇸 Asian Pacific AIDS Intervention Team @ apaitssg.org/ Grassroots AIDS service organization centered on Asian and Pacific Islanders with HIV, based in the United States. 🇺🇸 Bienestar Human Services @ bienestar.org / US community-based social services organization that caters to Latino Americans living with HIV, especially LGBTQIA+ Latino Americans. 🇺🇸 Black AIDS Institute @ blackaids.org / Think tank that aims to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Black American community through awareness messaging, information, and robust programs. 🇨🇦 Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network @ caan.ca / Agency in Canada that provides resources and tools to Indigenous and Aboriginal Canadians. 🇨🇦 Canadian AIDS Society @ cdnaids.ca / Grassroots network that leads community-based HIV/AIDS resources in Canada. 🇨🇦 Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange @ catie.ca / The primary national information and resource center on HIV, Hepatitis C, and substance misuse in Canada. 🇨🇦 Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network @ hivlegalnetwork.ca / Network that promotes the human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS across Canada, which includes legal representation and legislation advisement. 🇺🇸 HIV. GOV @ hiv.gov / Offers information about HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and resources for anyone in the United States. 🇺🇸 HIV.GOV Service Locator @ locator.hiv.gov / Location-based search tool managed by the United States Department of Health and Human Services to allow anyone to find local HIV testing services, housing providers, health centers, PrEP, PEP, and other related needs. 🇺🇸 Latino Commission on AIDS @ latinoaids.org / Nonprofit organization in response to the critical unmet need for HIV prevention, treatment, and education in the Latino community in the United States. 🇺🇸 National Minority AIDS Council @ nmac.org / Advocacy nonprofit that provides training and resources catered to marginalized communities in the United States. 🇺🇸 National Native HIV Network @ nnhn.org / Indigenous-led network that mobilizes American Indians, Indigenous Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians towards community action. 🇺🇸 Positively Trans @ transgenderlawcenter.org / Program through the Transgender Law Center to support transgender people living with HIV in the United States. 🇺🇸 Positive Women’s Network @ pwn-usa.org / Advocacy and resource organization for women living with HIV. 🇺🇸 Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program @ ryanwhite.hrsa.gov / National services and resources for low-income individuals living with HIV in the US. 🇺🇸 TheBody.com Hotline @ thebody.com / News site based in New York that centers on publishing HIV-related information. 🇺🇸 The Well Project @ thewellproject.org / United States nonprofit that primarily supports women and girls living with HIV/AIDS.
LATIN AMERICA 🇺🇳 RedLA+ @ redlactrans.org / Network of organizations that focus on transgender people throughout Latin America, especially those who are living with HIV.
EUROPE 🇺🇳 AIDS Action Europe @ aidsactioneurope.org/ Regional network of over 370 NGOs, national networks, and community-based groups to support legislation related to HIV/AIDS in 47 different countries. 🇺🇳 European AIDS Treatment Group @ eatg.org/ Advocacy and research organization that responds to and develops HIV/AIDS-related initiatives. 🇬🇧 National AIDS Trust @ nat.org.uk / The primary HIV rights charity in the United Kingdom.
ASIA 🇺🇳 Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV @ apnplus.org / Peer-led organization that improves the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS in the Asia Pacific region. 🇮🇳 India HIV/AIDS Alliance @ allianceindia.org / Non-governmental organization that partners with various civic society, government, and community groups to support HIV prevention and treatment programs. 🇺🇳 Middle East and North Africa Harm Reduction Association @ menahra.org / Network of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment organizations in 20 different countries across the Middle East and Northern Africa. 🇹🇭 MPlus Foundation @ mplusthailand.com/ Community-based sexual health and rights organization based in Thailand that works to end HIV discrimination and transmission. 🇹🇭 Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre @ trcarc.org / Research organization and health clinic that serves individuals with HIV/AIDS in Thailand.
AFRICA 🇺🇳 African Network for the Care of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS @ anecca.org / Reproductive health organization that serves people living in Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Malawi, Tanzania, and South Sudan. 🇿🇦 Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation @ desmondtutuhivfoundation.org.za / Health organization that partners with various international research groups to develop community programs in South Africa. 🇺🇳 Middle East and North Africa Harm Reduction Association @ menahra.org / Network of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment organizations in 20 different countries across the Middle East and Northern Africa. 🇿🇦 Treatment Action Campaign @ tac.org.za / Civic society organization based in South Africa that leads campaigns centered on improved healthcare for people living with HIV/AIDS.
OCEANIA 🇺🇳 Australian Federation of AIDS Organizations @ healthequitymatters.org.au/ Federation of HIV and LGBTQIA+ organizations in Australia and Oceania that provides policy expertise and resource support. 🇳🇿 Burnett Foundation @ burnettfoundation.org.nz / Formerly known as the New Zealand AIDS Foundation, the Burnett Foundation Aotearoa is a community-led response organization that tackles HIV throughout New Zealand. 🇺🇳 Pacific Sexual and Gender Diversity Network @ psgdn.org / Collective between the countries of Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga to advocate for the needs of people living with HIV, especially LGBTQIA+ people.
